ಬುಧವಾರ, ಜನವರಿ 24, 2018

India ranked 177 in environmental

India Ranked 177 in Environmental Performance Index (EPI)

India has been ranked 177 among 180 countries in the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) – 2018. This index has been developed by Yale University and Columbia University in collaboration with the World Economic Forum and the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. This report has been released on 23 January, 2018 on the sidelines of World Economic Forum meet in Davos.
Top and Bottom Five Countries in 2018 EPI

    Top 5 countries are Switzerland, France, Denmark, Malta and Sweden
    To bottom countries are Nepal, India, Congo, Bangladesh, Burundi

About the Index

Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is calculated on the basis of data gathered from 24 individual metrics of environmental performance. These 24 individual metrics are then aggregated into a hierarchy that begins with 10 major environmental issues categories.

    Air Quality (household solid fuels and PM2.5 exposure)
    Water & Sanitation
    Heavy Metals (lead exposure)
    Biodiversity & Habitat
    Forests (tree cover loss)
    Fisheries
    Climate & Energy (CO2, Methane and Black Carbon Emissions)
    Air Pollution (SO2 and NOx emission)
    Water resources (wastewater treatment)

    Agriculture (sustainable practice)

The above 10 environmental issue categories are then divided into two policy objectives viz. Environment health and Ecosystem Vitality. The overall EPI is based on a country’s performance in these 10 issue categories and two policy objectives. High rank in the EPI shows long-standing commitments to protecting public health, preserving natural resources and decoupling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from economic activity.
The 2018 Report Key Notes About India

    The report has ranked India as fourth worst country worldwide in curbing environmental pollution. India has slipped from 141st position in 2016 report.
    The low rank of emerging economies including China (120) and India (177) indicates strain population pressures and rapid economic growth impose on the environment.
    As per the report, substantial populations still suffer from poor air quality, most notably in India, China, and Pakistan (169).

Report also notes that the low scores on the EPI are indicative of the need for national sustainability efforts on a number of fronts, especially cleaning up air quality, protecting biodiversity and reducing GHG (green house gas) emissions.

Oxfam survey...

Richest 1% Cornered 73% of Wealth Generated in India in 2017: Oxfam Survey
By The Wire Staff on 22/01/2018 •

The annual Oxfam survey revealed that 67 crore Indians comprising the population’s poorest half saw their wealth rise by just 1% in the last year.
A homeless boy holds biscuits that he received as alms as he takes shelter from rain in front of a fast food shop in Mumbai November 11, 2009. Credit: Reuters/Arko Datta

A homeless boy holds biscuits that he received as alms as he takes shelter from rain in front of a fast food shop in Mumbai November 11, 2009. Credit: Reuters/Arko Datta

New Delhi: India’s richest 1% garnered as much as 73% of the total wealth generated in the country in 2017, according to a new survey by international rights group Oxfam. The report’s findings are in line with those of similar studies including the one published by renowned economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty last July, and give credence to the theory that the rich have disproportionately benefited from liberalisation while others have been left struggling.

Titled ‘Indian income inequality, 1922-2014: from British Raj to Billionaire Raj?’ the research paper by the two economists showed that income inequality in India was at its highest in 2014 since 1922, the year the country passed the Income Tax Act. The paper’s findings later went into a full-fledged report, the World Inequality Report, published by the World Inequality Lab. According to it, 10% of Indians garnered 56% of the national income in 2014.

The top 1% of earners captured less than 21% of total income in the late 1930s, before dropping to 6% in the early 1980s and rising to 22% in 2014, the report said.

The Oxfam report, which was released hours before the annual Davos World Economic Forum (WEF) meet began, further states that 67 crore Indians, comprising the population’s poorest half, saw their wealth rise by just 1% in 2017. The situation appears even more grim globally, where 82% of the wealth generated last year worldwide went to the 1%, while 3.7 billion people that account for the poorest half of population saw no increase in their wealth, the survey said.

The annual Oxfam survey is keenly watched and is discussed in detail at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting where rising income and gender inequality is among the key talking points for the world leaders.

Last year’s survey had showed that India’s richest 1% held a huge 58% of the country’s total wealth – higher than the global figure of about 50%.

This year’s survey also showed that the wealth of India’s richest 1% increased by over Rs 20.9 lakh crore during 2017 — an amount equivalent to total budget of the central government in 2017-18, Oxfam India said.

The report titled ‘Reward Work, Not Wealth’, Oxfam said, reveals how the global economy enables wealthy elite to accumulate vast wealth even as hundreds of millions of people struggle to survive on poverty pay.

“2017 saw an unprecedented increase in the number of billionaires, at a rate of one every two days. Billionaire wealth has risen by an average of 13% a year since 2010 – six times faster than the wages of ordinary workers, which have risen by a yearly average of just 2%,” it said.

In India, it will take 941 years for a minimum wage worker in rural India to earn what the top paid executive at a leading Indian garment firm earns in a year, the study found.

In the US, it takes slightly over one working day for a CEO to earn what an ordinary worker makes in a year, it added.

Citing results of the global survey of 70,000 people surveyed in 10 countries, Oxfam said it demonstrates a groundswell of support for action on inequality and nearly two-thirds of all respondents think the gap between the rich and the poor needs to be urgently addressed.

With Prime Minister Narendra Modi attending the WEF meeting in Davos, Oxfam India urged the Indian government to ensure that the country’s economy works for everyone and not just the fortunate few.

It asked the government to promote inclusive growth by encouraging labour-intensive sectors that will create more jobs; investing in agriculture; and effectively implementing the social protection schemes that exist.

Oxfam also sought sealing of the “leaking wealth bucket” by taking stringent measures against tax evasion and avoidance, imposing higher tax on super-rich and removing corporate tax breaks.

The survey respondents in countries like the US, UK and India also favoured 60% pay cut for CEOs.

The key factors driving up rewards for shareholders and corporate bosses at the expense of workers’ pay and conditions, Oxfam said, include erosion of workers’ rights; excessive influence of big business over government policy- making; and the relentless corporate drive to minimise costs in order to maximise returns to shareholders.

About India, it said the country added 17 new billionaires last year, taking the total number to 101. The Indian billionaires’ wealth increased to over Rs 20.7 lakh crore – increasing during the last year by Rs 4.89 lakh crore, an amount sufficient to finance 85% of the all states’ budget on health and education.

It also said India’s top 10% of population holds 73% of the wealth and 37% of India’s billionaires have inherited family wealth. They control 51% of the total wealth of billionaires in the country.

Oxfam India CEO Nisha Agrawal said it is alarming that the benefits of economic growth in India continue to concentrate in fewer hands.

“The billionaire boom is not a sign of a thriving economy but a symptom of a failing economic system. Those working hard, growing food for the country, building infrastructure, working in factories are struggling to fund their child’s education, buy medicines for family members and manage two meals a day. The growing divide undermines democracy and promotes corruption and cronyism,” she said.

The survey also showed that women workers often find themselves at the bottom of the heap and nine out of ten billionaires are men.

In India, there are only four women billionaires and three of them inherited family wealth.

“It would take around 17.5 days for the best paid executive at a top Indian garment company to earn what a minimum wage worker in rural India will earn in their lifetime (presuming 50 years at work),” Oxfam said.

(With PTI inputs)

Manipur govt launches helth scheme

Manipur Government launches health assurance scheme for poor & disabled people

Manipur Government has launched the Chief Minister-gi Hakshelgi Tengbang (CMHT), a health assurance scheme for the poor and disabled people. It was launched by Manipur Chief Minister N Biren Singh.

The CMHT scheme will provide cashless treatment to poor at government hospitals, health centres and other empanelled selected private hospitals.
Chief Minister-gi Hakshelgi Tengbang (CMHT) Scheme

The scheme will provide insurance cover up to Rs 2 lakh per eligible family in treatment of seven critical identified critical ailments – cardiovascular diseases, neurological conditions, kidney ailments, liver ailments, cancer, neo-natal diseases and burns per year. The beneficiaries will be identified from Socio Economic Caste Census (SECC). They may get themselves enrolled for scheme with help of ASHA workers at kiosks opened in nearby PHCs, CHCs and District Hospitals.
Significance

The CMHT Scheme will have convergence with Government of India programme like PMs Jana Aushadhi Programme and Free Diagnostic Programme. It will be truly IT platform driven scheme. Along with Chief Minister-gi Sotharabashing gi Tengbang (CMST) scheme, state government is able to provide two most noble social security schemes to its people.

GOVT lanches Protocal for star

Government launches Protocol for Star Rating of Garbage-Free Cities

The Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has launched the ‘Protocol for Star Rating of Garbage-Free Cities’ in Goa. It has been developed under Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban for rating cities on 7-star rating system based on multiple cleanliness indicators for solid waste management.
Key Facts

Indicators: These include Door to Door garbage Collection, source segregation, sweeping, scientific processing of waste, bulk generator compliance, scientific land filling, construction and demolition management, plastic waste management, dump remediation & citizen grievance redressal system etc.

Rating: Cities will be rated as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 star based on their compliance with protocol conditions specified for each of rating. City will be given rating of 3 star or above only after it is declared ODF (Open Defecation Free).

Cities can self-declare themselves as 1-star, 2-star or 4-star provided that MoHUA carry out additional verification through independent third party to certify cities as 3-star, 5-star or 7-star. Cities need to get themselves recertified every year to retain their star-status.

Significance: It provides stakeholders with single metric to rate a city’s cleanliness, rather than separately evaluating multiple factors which contribute to city’s overall cleanliness and garbage free status. It will assess many cities for having higher stars as compared to only one city being “Cleanest city” under Swachh Survekshan.

ಮಂಗಳವಾರ, ಜನವರಿ 23, 2018

Manipur govt launches helth scheme

Manipur Government launches health assurance scheme for poor & disabled people

Manipur Government has launched the Chief Minister-gi Hakshelgi Tengbang (CMHT), a health assurance scheme for the poor and disabled people. It was launched by Manipur Chief Minister N Biren Singh.

The CMHT scheme will provide cashless treatment to poor at government hospitals, health centres and other empanelled selected private hospitals.
Chief Minister-gi Hakshelgi Tengbang (CMHT) Scheme

The scheme will provide insurance cover up to Rs 2 lakh per eligible family in treatment of seven critical identified critical ailments – cardiovascular diseases, neurological conditions, kidney ailments, liver ailments, cancer, neo-natal diseases and burns per year. The beneficiaries will be identified from Socio Economic Caste Census (SECC). They may get themselves enrolled for scheme with help of ASHA workers at kiosks opened in nearby PHCs, CHCs and District Hospitals.
Significance

The CMHT Scheme will have convergence with Government of India programme like PMs Jana Aushadhi Programme and Free Diagnostic Programme. It will be truly IT platform driven scheme. Along with Chief Minister-gi Sotharabashing gi Tengbang (CMST) scheme, state government is able to provide two most noble social security schemes to its people.

Manipur govt launches helth scheme

Manipur Government launches health assurance scheme for poor & disabled people

Manipur Government has launched the Chief Minister-gi Hakshelgi Tengbang (CMHT), a health assurance scheme for the poor and disabled people. It was launched by Manipur Chief Minister N Biren Singh.

The CMHT scheme will provide cashless treatment to poor at government hospitals, health centres and other empanelled selected private hospitals.
Chief Minister-gi Hakshelgi Tengbang (CMHT) Scheme

The scheme will provide insurance cover up to Rs 2 lakh per eligible family in treatment of seven critical identified critical ailments – cardiovascular diseases, neurological conditions, kidney ailments, liver ailments, cancer, neo-natal diseases and burns per year. The beneficiaries will be identified from Socio Economic Caste Census (SECC). They may get themselves enrolled for scheme with help of ASHA workers at kiosks opened in nearby PHCs, CHCs and District Hospitals.
Significance

The CMHT Scheme will have convergence with Government of India programme like PMs Jana Aushadhi Programme and Free Diagnostic Programme. It will be truly IT platform driven scheme. Along with Chief Minister-gi Sotharabashing gi Tengbang (CMST) scheme, state government is able to provide two most noble social security schemes to its people.

GOVT lanches Protocal for star

Government launches Protocol for Star Rating of Garbage-Free Cities

The Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has launched the ‘Protocol for Star Rating of Garbage-Free Cities’ in Goa. It has been developed under Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban for rating cities on 7-star rating system based on multiple cleanliness indicators for solid waste management.
Key Facts

Indicators: These include Door to Door garbage Collection, source segregation, sweeping, scientific processing of waste, bulk generator compliance, scientific land filling, construction and demolition management, plastic waste management, dump remediation & citizen grievance redressal system etc.

Rating: Cities will be rated as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 star based on their compliance with protocol conditions specified for each of rating. City will be given rating of 3 star or above only after it is declared ODF (Open Defecation Free).

Cities can self-declare themselves as 1-star, 2-star or 4-star provided that MoHUA carry out additional verification through independent third party to certify cities as 3-star, 5-star or 7-star. Cities need to get themselves recertified every year to retain their star-status.

Significance: It provides stakeholders with single metric to rate a city’s cleanliness, rather than separately evaluating multiple factors which contribute to city’s overall cleanliness and garbage free status. It will assess many cities for having higher stars as compared to only one city being “Cleanest city” under Swachh Survekshan.

The 18th Hornbill festival 2017

The 18th Hornbill festival 2017 has started in which state?

[A] Manipur
[B] Nagaland
[C] Tripura
[D] Assam

Correct Answer: B [Nagaland ]

Explanation:
President Ram Nath Kovind has inaugurated the 18th Hornbill festival 2017 and the 54th Statehood Daycelebrations of Nagaland at Naga Heritage Village, Kisama on December 1, 2017. The 10-day Hornbill fest isthe perfect showcase of rich Naga culture and traditions, preserved over the years in the form of music,dance and food. It is also called the ‘Festival of Festivals’. The festival is named after the Indian hornbill, thelarge and colourful forest bird which is displayed in the folklore of most of the state’s tribes. The highlightsof festival includes the traditional Naga Morungs exhibition and the sale of arts and crafts, food stalls,herbal medicine stalls, flower shows and sales, cultural medley – songs and dances, fashion shows, the MissNagaland beauty contest, traditional archery, Naga wrestling, indigenous games, and musical concert.

ಮಂಗಳವಾರ, ಜನವರಿ 16, 2018

Don't get confused

🎋🎋🎆Don't get confused 🎆🎋🎋

1.European central bank-Frankfurt ,Germany
2.European investment bank - Luxembourg
3.European bank of reconstruction and development - London UK
4.International finance corporation -Washington US
5.African development bank- Abidjan Cote d ivorie
6.Asian development Bank - Manila Philippines
7.Asia infrastructure investment bank -Beijing China
8.New development Bank -Shangai China
9.Economic cooperation organisation trade and development Bank -Tehran Iran
10.Islamic development Bank - Jeddah Saudi Arabia

***************************************

********Don't be confuse *********
*Indian science communication congress - New Delhi
* Indian science Congress - Manipur
* World organic congress - Noida
* World history congress - Kolkata
* National children science Congress - Gujarat

***************************************

****Missiles indigenous by India****
* Brahmos --> Supersonic
* Nirbhay --> Subsonic
* Saurya -- > Hypersonic
* Astra -- > Beyond visual range missile

***************************************

*13 - vice president - Naidu
*14 - President - Kovind
*15 - Prime minister - Modi
*15 - Loksabha

***************************************

******Banning recent in news******
*Germany nuclear power by - 2022
*Britain  Electric vehicles -2020
* France exploration & production - 2040
* Finland Ban of fossil fuels - 2025

***************************************

ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ದ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳು ಹಾಗೂ ಅಡ್ಡಹೆಸರುಗಳು

#ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ದ_ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳ_ಅಡ್ಡಹೆಸರುಗಳು🌿🌿🌿

1. ಬಾಪು ................. ಮಹಾತ್ಮ ಗಾಂಧಿ
2. ಶಾಂತಿ ಮನುಷ್ಯ ........... ಲಾಲ್ ಬಹದ್ದೂರ್ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಿ
3. ಪಂಜಾಬ್ ಕೇಸರಿ ......... ಲಾಲಾ ಲಜಪತ್ ರಾಯ್
4. ಐರನ್ ಮ್ಯಾನ್ ಆಫ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ...... ಸರ್ದಾರ್ ವಲ್ಲಭಭಾಯಿ ಪಟೇಲ್
5. ಗುರುದೇವ .............. ರವೀಂದ್ರನಾಥ ಟ್ಯಾಗೋರ್
6. ಚಚಾ ................. ಜವಾಹರಲಾಲ್ ನೆಹರು
7. ಹಾಕಿ ಮ್ಯಾಜಿಶಿಯನ್ಸ್ ..... ಧ್ಯಾನ್ಚಂದ್
8. ಕ್ವಾಯ್ದ್-ಇ-ಅಜಮ್ ........... ಎಮ್ಡಿ. ಅಲಿ ಜಿನ್ನಾ
9. ಶೆರ್-ಇ-ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ ......... ಶೇಖ್ ಅಬ್ದುಲ್ಲಾ
10. ಲೋಕಮಾನ್ಯ .............. ಬಾಲ ಗಂಗಾಧರ ತಿಲಕ್
11. ದೇಶ್ ರತ್ನ ............ ಡಾ. ರಾಜೇಂದ್ರ ಪ್ರಸಾದ್
12. ನೇತಾಜಿ ............... ಸುಭಾಷ್ ಚಂದ್ರ ಬೋಸ್
13. ಸ್ಪ್ಯಾರೋ .......... ಮೇಜರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ರಾಜೀಂದರ್ ಸಿಂಗ್
14. ಸಾಹಿದ್-ಎ-ಆಜಮ್ .......... ಭಗತ್ ಸಿಂಗ್
15. ಭಾರತದ ನೈಟಿಂಗೇಲ್ .. ಸರೋಜಿನಿ ನಾಯ್ಡು
ಉದನ್ಪರಿ .............. ಪಿ.ಟಿ. ಉಷಾ
17. ಟೋಟ-ಇ-ಹಿಂದ್ ........... ಅಮೀರ್ ಖುಶ್ರೊ
18. ಭಾರತದ ನೆಪೋಲಿಯನ್ ..... ಸಮುದ್ರ ಗುಪ್ತ
19. ಬಂಗಾಬಂದ ........... ಶೇಖ್ ಮುಜಿಬುತ್ ರಹಮಾನ್
20. ದೇಶಬಂಧು ............ ಚಿತ್ತ ರಂಜನ್ ದಾಸ್
21. ದೀನಂದೂ ............ ಸಿ.ಎಫ್. ಆಂಡ್ರ್ಯೂಸ್
22. ಭಾರತದ ಶೇಕ್ಸ್ಪಿಯರ್ .. ಮಹಾಕಾವಿ ಕಾಳಿದಾಸ್
23.ಚಚಾಕಿಯ ಮಾಚಿಯಾವೆಲ್ಲಿ
24. ಲೋಕನಾಯಕ್ .............. ಜಯಪ್ರಕಾಶ್ ನಾರಾಯಣ್
25. ಜನ ನಾಯಕ್ ............ ಕಾರ್ಪುರಿ ಠಾಕೂರ್
26. ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರದ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ...... ಜೈನಲ್ ಅಬ್ದುನ್
27. ಗುಜರಾತ್ ಪಿತಾಮಹ ..... ರವಿಶಂಕರ್ ಮಹಾರಾಜ್
28. ಭಾರತೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರಗಳ ಅಜ್ಜ .. ದಂಡಿರಾಜ್ ಗೋವಿಂದ ಫಾಲ್ಕೆ
29. ಮಾರ್ನಿಂಗ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್ ಆಫ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ನವೋದಯ .. ರಾಜ ರಾಮ್
ಮೋಹನ್ ರಾಯ್
30. ಭಾರತೀಯ ಇತಿಹಾಸದ ಕಿಂಗ್ ಮೇಕರ್ .. ಸಾಯೆದ್ ಬಂಧು
31. ಬಂಗಾಳ ಕೇಸರಿ ......... ಅಶುತೋಷ್ ಮುಖರ್ಜಿ
32. ಬಿಹಾರ ಕೇಸರಿ .......... ಡಾ. ಶ್ರೀಕೃಷ್ಣ ಸಿಂಗ್
33. ಆಂಧ್ರ ಕೇಸರಿ ......... ಟಿ. ಪ್ರಕಾಶಂ
34. ಬಾದ್ಶಾ ಖಾನ್ ......... ಖಾನ್ ಅಬ್ದುಲ್ ಗಫ್ಫರ್ ಖಾನ್
35. ಭಾರತದ ಹಳೆಯ ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಮ್ಯಾನ್ .. ದಾದಾಭಾಯಿ ನೊರೊಜಿ
36. ಯಂಗ್ ಟರ್ಕ್ ............ ಚಂದ್ರಶೇಖರ್
37. ಟೌ ................... ಚೌಧರಿ ದೇವಿ ಲಾಲ್
38. ರಾಜಶೇಶ್ ............. ಪುರುಷೋತ್ತಮ್ ದಾಸ್ ಟಂಡನ್
39. ಅಜಾತ್ಶತ್ರು ............ ಡಾ. ರಾಜೇಂದ್ರ ಪ್ರಸಾದ್
40. ಮಹಮಣ .............. ಪಂ. ಮದನ್ ಮೋಹನ್ ಮಾಳವಿಯ
41. ಸ್ವರ್ ಕೋಕಿಲಾ ........... ಲತಾ ಮಂಗೇಶ್ಕರ್
42. ತಾಯಿ ............... ಮದರ್ ತೆರೇಸಾ
43. ಲಿಟಲ್ ಮಾಸ್ಟರ್ ......... ಸುನಿಲ್ ಗವಾಸ್ಕರ್
44. ಹರಿಯಾಣ ಹರಿಕೇನ್ ..... ಕಪಿಲ್ ದೇವ್
45. ಡೆಸ್ಟಿನಿ ಮ್ಯಾನ್ ...... ನೆಪೋಲಿಯನ್ ಬೊನಾಪಾರ್ಟೆ
46. ​​ಫ್ಯೂಹ್ರೆರ್ ............. ಅಡೋಫ್ ಹಿಟ್ಲರ್
47. ಅಂಕಲ್ ಹೊ ....... ಹೋ ಚಿ ಮಿನ್ಹ್
48. ಮ್ಯಾನ್ ಆಫ್ ಬ್ಲಡ್ ಮತ್ತು ಐರನ್..ಒಟ್ಟೊ ವ್ಯಾನ್ ಬಿಸ್ಮಾರ್ಕ್
49. ಡಸರ್ಟ್ ಫಾಕ್ಸ್ .......... ಜನರಲ್ ಎರ್ವಿನ್ ರೊಮ್ಮೆಲ್
50. ಲಾಲ್, ಬಾಲ್, ಪಾಲ್ ....... ಲಾಲಾ ಲಜಪತ್
ರಾಯ್, ಬಾಲ ಗಂಗಾಧರ ತಿಲಕ್ ಮತ್ತು ಬಿಪಿನ್ ಚಂದ್ರ ಪಾಲ್

ಶನಿವಾರ, ಜನವರಿ 13, 2018

ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ & ಬ್ರೀಟಿಷ್ ಭಾರತದ ವೈಸ್ರಾಯ್ ಗಳ ಪಟ್ಟಿ

ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ಮತ್ತು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಭಾರತದ ವೈಸ್ರಾಯ್ ಗಳ ಪಟ್ಟಿ

1.ವಾರನ್ ಹೇಸ್ಟಿಂಗ್ಸ್  (1774 – 1785)

(1) ಮೊದಲ ಬಂಗಾಳದ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ,
(2) ಇತನ ಅಧಿಕಾರಾವಧಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ರೆಗ್ಯುಲೇಟಿಂಗ್ 1773 ಕಾಯಿದೆಯನ್ನು ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಲಾಯಿತು. ಇದು ಬಂಗಾಳದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ ದ್ವಿಮುಖ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಅಂತ್ಯಗೊಳಿಸಿತು.
(3) ಇತನನ್ನು ಆಡಳಿತದ ಕೆಟ್ಟ ನಿರ್ವಹಣೆ ಮತ್ತು ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಭ್ರಷ್ಟಾಚಾರದ ಕಾರಣಗಳಿಂದ ವಜಾಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಯಿತು. ಆದರೆ ಅಂತಿಮವಾಗಿ ನಿರ್ದೋಷಿಯೆಂದು ತೀರ್ಮಾನಿಸಲಾಯಿತು.
(4) ಕಂದಾಯ ಮಂಡಳಿ ಮತ್ತು ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಮಂಡಳಿಯ ರಚನೆ.
(5) ಜಿಲ್ಲಾಧಿಕಾರಿ ಹುದ್ದೆ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿ.

2.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಕಾರ್ನ್ ವಾಲಿಸ್ (1786 – 1793)

(1) ಬಂಗಾಳದಲ್ಲಿ ಖಾಯಂ ಜಮೀನ್ದಾರೀ ಪದ್ಧತಿ ಜಾರಿಗೆ (1793)
(2) ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ. ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಸುಧಾರಣೆಗಳು ಜಾರಿಯಾದವು.
(3) ಮೈಸೂರು ರಾಜ ಟಿಪ್ಪು ಸುಲ್ತಾನನನ್ನು ಸೋಲಿಸಲು ಮೂರನೇ ಆಂಗ್ಲೋ-ಮೈಸೂರು ಯುದ್ಧದಲ್ಲಿ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಪಡೆಗಳ ಭಾಗಿ.

3.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ವೆಲ್ಲೆಸ್ಲಿ (1798 – 1805)

(1) ಭಾರತೀಯ ರಾಜರನ್ನು ನಿಯಂತ್ರಿಸಲು ಸಹಾಯಕ ಸೈನ್ಯ ಪದ್ಧತಿ (policy of Subsidiary Alliance) ಯನ್ನು ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಿದ.
(2) ಹೈದರಾಬಾದ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯವು ಈ ಸಹಾಯಕ ಸೈನ್ಯ ಪದ್ಧತಿಗೆ ಒಳಗಾದ ಮೊದಲ ದೇಶೀಯ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ.

4.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಮಿಂಟೋ I (1807 – 1813)

(1) ಮಹಾರಾಜ ರಂಜಿತ್ ಸಿಂಗ್ ನೊಂದಿಗೆ ಅಮೃತಸರ ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ.
5.ಮಾರ್ಕ್ವೆಸ್ಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಹೇಸ್ಟಿಂಗ್ (1813-1823)
(1) ಉನ್ನತ ಹುದ್ದೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಭಾರತೀಯರನ್ನು ನೇಮಿಸಿದ ಮೊದಲಿಗ.
(2) ಟೆನೆನ್ಸಿ ಕಾಯಿದೆ (1828)

6.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಬೆಂಟಿಂಕ್ (1828 – 1835)

(1) ಭಾರತದ ಮೊದಲ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ನಾಗಿ ನೇಮಕ. (ಈ ಮೊದಲು ಬಂಗಾಳದ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ಎಂಬ ಹುದ್ದೆ ಇತ್ತು).
(2) ಸತಿ ಪದ್ಧತಿಯ ನಿಷೇಧ.
(3) ಭಾರತೀಯರನ್ನು ಮತ್ತೆ ಅಧೀನ ನ್ಯಾಯಾಧೀಶರಾಗಿ ನೇಮಕ ಜಾರಿ,
(4) ಇಂಗ್ಲೀಷ್ ಉನ್ನತ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣದ ಭಾಷೆಯಾಯಿತು.
(5) ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಥಗ್ಗರನ್ನು ನಿಗ್ರಹಿಸಲಾಯಿತು.
(6) 1835ರಲ್ಲಿ ಕಲ್ಕತ್ತಾದಲ್ಲಿ ವೈದ್ಯಕೀಯ ಕಾಲೇಜು ಆರಂಭ.

7.ಸರ್ ಚಾರ್ಲ್ಸ್ ಮೆಟಾಕೆಫ್ (1835 – 1836)

(1) ಮೊದಲ ಬಾರಿಗೆ ದೇಶೀಯ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ. ಎಲ್ಲಾ ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಗಳನ್ನು ರದ್ದು. (ಭಾರತದ ವೃತ್ತ ಪತ್ರಗಳ ನಿರ್ಬಂಧ ವಿಮೋಚಕ)

8.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಆಕ್ಲೆಂಡ್ (1836 – 1842)
(1) ಮೊದಲ ಅಫಘಾನ್ ಯುದ್ಧ.

9.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಡಾಲ್ ಹೌಸಿ (1848 – 1856)

(1) ಬಾಂಬೆಯಿಂದ ಥಾಣೆಯವರೆಗೆ ಮೊದಲ ಭಾರತೀಯ ರೈಲ್ವೆ ಮಾರ್ಗ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ. (1853)
(2) ಕೋಲ್ಕತ್ತಾದಿಂದ ಆಗ್ರಾದವರೆಗೆ ಟೆಲಿಗ್ರಾಫ್ ತಂತಿಯ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ. (1853)
(3) ‘ದತ್ತು ಮಕ್ಕಳಿಗೆ ಹಕ್ಕಿಲ್ಲ’ ಪದ್ಧತಿ ಜಾರಿಗೆ. ಆ ಮೂಲಕ ಸತಾರ (1848), ಜೈಪುರ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಬಲ್ ಪುರ್ (1849), ಉದಯ್ ಪುರ (1852), ಝಾನ್ಸಿ (1853) ಮತ್ತು ನಾಗ್ಪುರ (1854) ರಾಜ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ವಶಪಡಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲಾಯಿತು.
(4) ಶಿಮ್ಲಾವನ್ನು ಬೇಸಿಗೆ ರಾಜಧಾನಿಯಾಗಿ ಮಾಡಿದ.
(5) ಲೋಕೋಪಯೋಗಿ ಇಲಾಖೆ ರಚನೆ
(6) ವಿಧವಾ ಮರುವಿವಾಹ ಕಾಯಿದೆ, (1856)ಯ ಅನುಷ್ಠಾನದೊಂದಿಗೆ ವಿಧವೆಯರ  ಮರುಮದುವೆ ಕಾನೂನುಬದ್ಧಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಯಿತು.
(7) ಭಾರತೀಯ ನಾಗರಿಕ ಸೇವೆಗಳ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧಾತ್ಮಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭ (1853)

10.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಕ್ಯಾನಿಂಗ್ (1856 – 1862)

(1)1857ರ (ಭಾರತದ ಮೊದಲ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಸಂಗ್ರಾಮ) ಸಿಪಾಯಿ ದಂಗೆಯ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್. ದಂಗೆಯ ನಂತರ ಭಾರತದ ಮೊದಲ ವೈಸ್ರಾಯ್ ನಾಗಿ ನೇಮಕ.
(2) ‘ದತ್ತು ಮಕ್ಕಳಿಗೆ ಹಕ್ಕಿಲ್ಲ’ ಪದ್ಧತಿ ರದ್ದು.
(3) 1861ರಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ಕಾಯಿದೆ ಜಾರಿಗೆ.
(4) 1854 ರ ‘ವುಡ್ಸ್ ಡಿಸ್ ಪ್ಯಾಚ್’ ನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಕಲ್ಕತ್ತಾ, ಬಾಂಬೆ ಮತ್ತು ಮದ್ರಾಸ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಗಳ ಆರಂಭ.
(5) 1858ರ ವಿಕ್ಟೋರಿಯಾ ಮಹಾರಾಣಿಯ ಮಹಾಸನ್ನದು “ಭಾರತದ ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ನಾಕಾರ್ಟಾ” ಪ್ರಕಟ.
(6) 1837ರಲ್ಲಿ ಮೆಕಾಲೆಯು ತಯಾರಿಸಿದ್ದ ‘ಭಾರತೀಯ ದಂಡ ಸಂಹಿತೆಯ ಜಾರಿ.(1860)
(7) ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಪ್ರೊಸೀಜರ್ ಕೋಡ್ಸ್ ಜಾರಿ.(1861)

11.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಲಾರೆನ್ಸ್ (1864 – 1869)

(1) ಎರಡನೇ ಸಿಖ್ ಯುದ್ಧದ ನಂತರ ಇತನು ಪಂಜಾಬ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಇಲಾಖೆಯ ಸದಸ್ಯನಾದನು. ಮತ್ತು ಪಂಜಾಬಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಹಲವಾರು ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿಯುತ ಸುಧಾರಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ಜಾರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ತಂದು “ಪಂಜಾಬ್ ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಕ” ನೆಂದು ಖ್ಯಾತನಾದನು.
(2) 1865 ರಲ್ಲಿ ಕಲ್ಕತ್ತಾ, ಬಾಂಬೆ ಮತ್ತು ಮದ್ರಾಸ್ ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹೈಕೋರ್ಟ್ ಗಳನ್ನು ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಲಾಯಿತು.

12.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಮಾಯೋ (1869  – 1872)

(1) ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಥಮ ಜನಗಣತಿ (1871)
(2) 1872 ರಲ್ಲಿ ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ದ್ವೀಪಗಳ ಭೇಟಿ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ (ಕೈದಿ ಶೇರ್ ಅಲಿಯಿಂದ) ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಕೊಲ್ಲಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ ಏಕ ಮಾತ್ರ ವೈಸರಾಯ್ .
(3) ಕೃಷಿ ಇಲಾಖೆಯ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ.

13.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಲಿಟ್ಟನ್ (1876- 1880)

(1) 1877 ರಲ್ಲಿ ದೆಹಲಿ ದರ್ಬಾರ್ ಆಯೋಜಿಸಿ, ರಾಣಿ ವಿಕ್ಟೋರಿಯಾಗೆ ‘ಕೈಸರ್-ಇ-ಹಿಂದ್’ ಬಿರುದು ಪ್ರಧಾನ.
(2) ಭಾರತದ ವೃತ್ತ ಪತ್ರಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ನಿರ್ಬಂಧ ವಿಧಿಸುವ ‘ದೇಶೀಯ ಪತ್ರಿಕಾ ಕಾಯಿದೆ’ ಜಾರಿಗೆ (1878)
(3) ಶಸ್ತ್ರಾಸ್ತ್ರ ಕಾಯಿದೆ – (1878).
(4) ಸರ್.ಸಯ್ಯದ್ ಅಹ್ಮದ್ ಖಾನರಿಂದ ಅಲಿಘಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಹಮ್ಮದನ್ ಆಂಗ್ಲೋ ಓರಿಯಂಟಲ್ ಕಾಲೇಜು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ. (1877)
(5) ನಾಗರಿಕ ಸೇವಾ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ವಯಸ್ಸನ್ನು 21 ರಿಂದ 19ಕ್ಕೆ ಇಳಿಸಲಾಯಿತು.

14.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ರಿಪ್ಪನ್ (1880 – 1884)

(1) ಭಾರತದ ವೃತ್ತ ಪತ್ರಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ನಿರ್ಬಂಧ ವಿಧಿಸುವ ‘ದೇಶೀಯ ಪತ್ರಿಕಾ ಕಾಯಿದೆ’ ರದ್ದು. (1882)
(2) ನಾಗರಿಕ ಸೇವಾ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ವಯಸ್ಸನ್ನು ಪುನಃ 19 ರಿಂದ 21ಕ್ಕೆ ಏರಿಸಲಾಯಿತು. (3) ಬಾಲಕಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಪದ್ಧತಿಯನ್ನು ನಿಷೇಧಿಸಲು ಮೊದಲ ಫ್ಯಾಕ್ಟರಿ ಕಾಯಿದೆ ಅಂಗೀಕಾರ (1881)
(4) ‘ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಸರ್ಕಾರಗಳ ಪಿತಾಮಹ’ – ದೇಶದಲ್ಲಿ ನಗರ ಸಭೆಗಳು, ಜಿಲ್ಲಾ ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಮಂಡಳಿಗಳ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ. (1882)
(5) ಇಲ್ಬರ್ಟ್ ಬಿಲ್ ಕಾಯಿದೆ ಜಾರಿಗೆ (1883)

15.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಡಫೆರಿನ್ನ (1884 – 1894)

(1) ಭಾರತೀಯ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್ ರಚಿಸಲಾಯಿತು. (1885)

16.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಲಾನ್ಸ್ ಡೌನ್  (1888 – 1894)

(1) ಭಾರತೀಯ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ಕಾಯಿದೆ (1892)
(2) ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಭಾರತ ಮತ್ತು ಅಫ್ಘಾನಿಸ್ಥಾನ ನಡುವೆ ಗಡಿರೇಖೆ ಗುರುತಿಸಲು ಡುರಾಂಡ್ ಆಯೋಗದ ನೇಮಕ.

17.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಕರ್ಜನ್ (1899 – 1905)

(1) ಬಂಗಾಳದ ವಿಭಜನೆ (1905)
(2) ಸ್ವದೇಶಿ ಚಳವಳಿಯ ಆರಂಭ.
(3) ಕೃಷಿ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕುಗಳ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ. ಬಂಗಾಳದ ಪೂಸಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಕೃಷಿ ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (1904)
(4) ಪುರಾತನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕಗಳ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣಾ ಕಾಯಿದೆ ಜಾರಿ, ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಇಲಾಖೆ ರಚನೆ (1901)
(5) ಸರ್. ಥಾಮಸ್ ರಾಲೆ. ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ ಆಯೋಗ ನೇಮಕ, ‘ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯಗಳ ಕಾಯಿದೆ ಜಾರಿ. (1904)
(6) ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಆಯೋಗ ರಚನೆ.
(7) ಕ್ರಿಮಿನಲ್ ತನಿಖಾ ಇಲಾಖೆ ರಚನೆ.

18.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಮಿಂಟೋ (1905 – 1910)

(1) ಭಾರತೀಯ ಮಂಡಳಿ ಕಾಯಿದೆ -1909 ಅಥವಾ ಮಾರ್ಲೆ-ಮಿಂಟೊ ಸುಧಾರಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ಅಂಗೀಕರಿಸಿತು.
(2) ಮುಸ್ಲಿಂರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕ ಮತಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ ಪ್ರಾತಿನಿಧ್ಯ.

19.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಹಾರ್ಡಿಂಗ್ (1910 – 1916)

(1) ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್ ನ ದೊರೆ Vನೇ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಪಟ್ಟಾಭಿಷೇಕ – ದೆಹಲಿ ದರ್ಬಾರ್ (1911)
(2) ಭಾರತದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕಲ್ಕತ್ತಾದಿಂದ ದೆಹಲಿಗೆ ಸ್ಥಳಾಂತರಿಸಲಾಯಿತು (1911)
(3) ಅನ್ನಿ ಬೆಸೆಂಟ್ ರಿಂದ ಹೋಮ್ ರೂಲ್ ಚಳುವಳಿ ಆರಂಭಿಸಲಾಯಿತು. (1921)
(4) ಮಹಾತ್ಮ ಗಾಂಧಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾದಿಂದ ಭಾರತಕ್ಕೆ ಆಗಮನ (1915)

20.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಚೆಲ್ಮ್ಸ್ ಫೋರ್ಡ್  (1916 – 1921)

(1) ಭಾರತ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಕಾಯಿದೆ -1919 (ಮೊಂಟಾಗು ಚೆಲ್ಮ್ಸ್ ಫೋರ್ಡ್ ಸುಧಾರಣೆಗಳು)
(2) ರೌಲಟ್ ಕಾಯಿದೆ -1919 ಜಾರಿಗೆ.
(3) ಜಲಿಯನ್ ವಾಲಾ ಬಾಗ್ ದುರಂತ. (ಏಪ್ರೀಲ್ 13, 1919)
(4) ಖಿಲಾಪತ್ ಚಳುವಳಿ.
(5) ಅಸಹಕಾರ ಚಳುವಳಿ.

21.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ರೆಡಿಂಗ್ (1921 – 1926)

(1) ರೌಲಟ್ ಆಕ್ಟ್ಅನ್ನು ರದ್ದುಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಯಿತು.
(2) ಸ್ವರಾಜ್ ಪಕ್ಷ ರಚಿಸಲಾಯಿತು.
(3) ಚೌರಿ ಚೌರ ಘಟನೆ.

22.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಇರ್ವಿನ್ (1926 – 1931)

(1) ಸೈಮನ್ ಆಯೋಗ ಭಾರತಕ್ಕೆ ಭೇಟಿ – (1928)
(2) ದಂಡಿ ಸತ್ಯಾಗ್ರಹ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಲಾಯಿತು ಭಾರತಕ್ಕೆ ಭೇಟಿ ನೀಡಿದರು.
(3) ನಾಗರಿಕ ಅಸಹಕಾರ ಚಳುವಳಿಯನ್ನು 1930 ರಲ್ಲಿ ಆರಂಭಿಸಲಾಯಿತು.
(4) ಗಾಂಧಿ – ಇರ್ವಿನ್ ಒಪ್ಪಂದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಹಿ
(5) ಮೊದಲ ದುಂಡು ಮೇಜಿನ ಸಭೆ.

23.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ವಿಲ್ಲಿಂಗ್ಡನ್ (1931 – 1936)

(1) 1931ರಲ್ಲಿ ಎರಡನೇ ಮತ್ತು ಮೂರನೆಯ ದುಂಡು ಮೇಜಿನ ಸಭೆ
(2) ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಪ್ರಧಾನಮಂತ್ರಿ ರಾಮ್ಸೆ ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ ಡೊನಾಲ್ಡ್ ರಿಂದ ಕಮ್ಯುನಲ್ ಅವಾರ್ಡ್   ಪ್ರಾರಂಭ.
(3) ಪೂನಾ ಒಪ್ಪಂದದ ಸಹಿ.
(4) 1935ರ ಭಾರತ ಸರಕಾರದ ಆಕ್ಟ್ ನ್ನು ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಜಾರಿಗೆ.

24.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಲಿನ್ಲಿತ್ಗೋ (1936 – 1944)

(1) 2ನೇ ಮಹಾಯುದ್ಧದ ಆರಂಭ.
(2) ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಸ್ ಸಮಿತಿ 1942ರಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾರತಕ್ಕೆ ಭೇಟಿ.
(3) ಭಾರತ ಬಿಟ್ಟು ತೊಲಗಿ ಚಳುವಳಿ.

25.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ವಾವೆಲ್ (1944 – 1947)

(1) ಕ್ಯಾಬಿನೆಟ್ ನಿಯೋಗದ ಯೋಜನೆ.
(2) ಭಾರತೀಯ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್ ಮತ್ತು ಮುಸ್ಲಿಂ ಲೀಗ್ ನಡುವೆ ಶಿಮ್ಲಾ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನ.
(3) ಮುಸ್ಲಿಂ ಲೀಗ್ ನಿಂದ ಡೈರೆಕ್ಟ್ ಆ್ಯಕ್ಷನ್ ಡೇ.
(4) ನೆಹರೂ ನೇತೃತ್ವದ ಮಧ್ಯಂತರ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ರಚನೆ.

26.ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೌಂಟ್ ಬ್ಯಾಟನ್ (ಮಾರ್ಚ್ 1947 – ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1947)

(1) ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಭಾರತದ ಮೊದಲ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ಹಾಗೂ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಭಾರತದ ಕೊನೆಯ ವೈಸರಾಯ್.
(2) ಭಾರತದ ವಿಭಜನೆ.
(3) ಸಿ ರಾಜಗೋಪಾಲಾಚಾರಿ, ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಭಾರತದ ಭಾರತದ ಮೊದಲ ಮತ್ತು ಕಡೆಯ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರಿ

ಬುಧವಾರ, ಜನವರಿ 10, 2018

ಪ್ರವಾಸಿ ಭಾರತೀಯ ದಿವಸ

January 9: Pravasi Bharatiya Divas

The Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) is celebrated every year on January 9 to mark the contribution of Overseas Indian community in the development of India.

This year’s PBD celebrated ASEAN-Indian partnership and was themed Ancient Route, New Journey: Diaspora in the Dynamic ASEAN INDIA Partnership.  This year marks 25 years of ASEAN-Indian Partnership which is based on centuries-old cultural, religious and human links, forged on an ancient route of commerce.

The PBD was held in Singapore on 6 and 7th January 2017– which is considered as India’s gateway to the East and also is the heart of ASEAN. The event aimed at generating outcomes that deepen diaspora’s relations with India and play a key role in promoting closer ties between India and ASEAN.
Background

The day celebrated every year since 2003. It was chosen to commemorate the return of Mahatma Gandhi from South Africa to India in 1915. This event marks the importance of arrival of India’s greatest Pravasi who led India’s freedom struggle and changed the lives of Indians forever. Observance of the day provides platform to overseas Indian community to engage with government and people of land of their ancestors for mutually beneficial activities.

ಶನಿವಾರ, ಜನವರಿ 6, 2018

2017-18 one year top news

The year 2017 is toward its end and 2018 is smiling at us. There have been many such important events this year, which are very important to remember in terms of current affairs. In this issue of Current Affairs monthly magazine, JagaranJosh is providing brief and essential information of 50 selected events which occurred throughout the year.

 1. Ramnath Kovind took oath as 14th President of India

Ram Nath Kovind took oath as the 14th President of India on 25 July 2017, following his landmark win in the Presidential elections. He was administered the oath of office by Chief Justice of India Justice JS Khehar at a special function in the Parliament.

With this, Kovind has become the second Dalit President of India after KR Narayanan. The NDA presidential candidate defeated the opposition candidate Meira Kumar by 1086 votes. 

At the time of his nomination as the Presidential candidate, Ram Nath Kovind was serving Bihar as its Governor.

2. Venkaiah Naidu sworn in as 13th Vice President of the country

Union Minister Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu was sworn in as the 13th Vice President of India on 11 August 2017. He was administered the oath of office and secrecy by President Ram Nath Kovind at a special function at Rashtrapati Bhavan.

Naidu was elected as the Vice President on 5 August 2017 by defeating opposition candidate Gopal Krishna Gandhi.

3. Nirmala Sitharaman becomes India’s first full-time woman Defence Minister

Nirmala Sitharaman, a JNU alumni and former Minister of State (Independent Charge) Commerce, was appointed as the new Defence Minister on 3 September 2017, thus gaining entry into Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Union Cabinet. 

The trained economist took the charge of the key ministry from Arun Jaitley who had been handling the portfolio after Manohar Parrikar quit to become Goa's chief minister. 

With the development, Sitharaman became India's first full-time Defence Minister and second all-time one, after Indira Gandhi who had held the portfolio twice, first from 1- 21 December in 1975 and the second time from 14 January 1980 to 15 January 1982. 

So, India has a woman at the helm of the key ministry, 35 years after the last one.

4. GST rollout: India launched historic indirect tax regime GST after 17 years of debate

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) was launched in India at the stroke of midnight on 1 July 2017, nearly after 17 years of its conception. 

The taxation system will be administered together by the Centre and States. The GST council finalised a four-tier structure for taxation in line with the tax slab for goods and services, which includes 5, 12, 18 and 28 per cent.

5. Rajiv Kumar succeeded Panagariya as new Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog

The Union government on 5 August 2017 appointed noted economist Rajiv Kumar as the new Vice- Chairman of NITI Aayog. 

Kumar would be succeeding Arvind Panagariya, who recently announced his resignation in order to return to the field of academics.

6. Justice Dipak Misra appointed as 45th Chief Justice of India

The Union government on 8 August 2017 appointed Justice Dipak Misra as the  45th Chief Justice of India (CJI). Justice Misra will be sworn in as the 45th Chief Justice of India by President Ram Nath Kovind on 27 August 2017.

He will succeed incumbent Justice J S Khehar, who is set to retire on 27 August 2017. Misra's name was recommended by Justice Khehar himself to succeed him as the next Chief Justice of India.

7. KK Venugopal appointed as Attorney General of India

Senior advocate and constitutional expert KK Venugopal was on 30 June 2017 appointed as the 15th Attorney General of India. His appointment was approved by President Pranab Mukherjee after his name was proposed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Venugopal will succeed Mukul Rohatgi, who chose to return to private practice after a three-year term as the Attorney General of India, country's top law position. He returns as a law officer after four decades. Earlier, in 1977, he had served as Additional Solicitor General.

8. India’s Manushi Chhillar crowned Miss World 2017

India's Manushi Chhillar was crowned Miss World 2017 at the prestigious pageant’s 67th edition that was held in Sanya, China on 18 November 2017.

The 20-year-old was crowned Miss World 2017 by outgoing titleholder Stephanie Del Val le, Miss World from Puerto Rico. Chhillar’s win has brought home the coveted title after a 17-year-long wait. The last Indian contestant to win Miss World was Priyanka Chopra in the year 2000. 

9. 15th Finance Commission constituted under the chairmanship of NK Singh

The Union Government on 27 November 2017 constituted Fifteenth Finance Commission under the chairmanship of former bureaucrat NK Singh. The Commission will make recommendations for five years commencing on 1 April 2020. 

Constituted under clause (1) of article 280 of the Indian Constitution, the commission came into force with the approval President Ram Nath Kovind. The other members of the 15th Finance Commission are Shaktikanta Das, former Secretary to Union Government and Anoop Singh, Adjunct Professor at Georgetown University.

10. British PM Theresa May wins confidence vote in parliament

British Prime Minister Theresa May on 30 June 2017 narrowly won the confidence vote in the parliament, winning her first major test as the Prime Minister of a minority government in the United Kingdom (UK).  

With this, May was finally confirmed as the British Prime Minister, after winning the vote on her legislative programme known as the Queen's Speech. The vote on the Queen's Speech is considered as a vote of confidence on the Government as a whole.

11. Emmanuel Macron elected as President of France

Pro-European centrist leader Emmanuel Macron has been elected as President of France after winning 20.7 million votes on 8 May 2017. Thirty-nine-year-old former investment banker, who has never held elected office, becomes the youngest President and occupant of the Élysée Palace.

He is France's youngest leader since Napoleon Bonaparte.

12. Cabinet approved recommendations of the 7th CPC on allowances

The Union Cabinet on 28 June 2017 approved the recommendations of the 7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) on allowances. The revised rates of allowances came into effect from 1 July 2017.

The 7th CPC adopted a three-pronged approach in examining a total of 197 allowances which involved an assessment of the need for continuation of each allowance. Based on the examination, the 7th CPC recommended that 53 allowances be abolished and 37 be subsumed in an existing or a newly proposed allowance.

13. PM Narendra Modi launched 'Saubhagya' scheme

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a Rs. 16320-Crore ‘Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana'- Saubhagya on 25 September 2017 in New Delhi to mark the birth anniversary of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya. Through this scheme, the government would supply electricity to all household by the end of 2018.

Listed on the agenda of the Cabinet meeting held last week, the scheme is expected to cover all rural families after expected electrification of all villages by the end of 2018.

14. PM Narendra Modi launched UDAN scheme, flags off first UDAN flight on Shimla-Delhi route

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 27 April 2017 launched air regional connectivity scheme UDAN (Ude Desh ka Har Nagarik). Under the scheme, the first UDAN flight was flagged off on Shimla-Delhi route.

UDAN is a first-of-its-kind scheme which aims to stimulate regional connectivity through a market-based mechanism. Under the scheme, 24 airports in the western region, 17 in the northern region, 11 in the southern region, 12 in east and six in north-eastern parts of the country will be connected.

15. PM Narendra Modi launched BHIM-Aadhaar Pay app

Prime Minister Modi on 14 August 2017, the 126th birth anniversary of Dr BR Ambedkar, launched BHIM-Aadhaaar app for merchants in Nagpur. In addition to this, he also launched cash back and referral bonus schemes for BHIM and declared about 75 townships spread all over India as ‘less-cash townships’.

The initiatives were launched with an aim to further the digital payments revolution in India. It also seeks to reinforce the vision of Baba Saheb for social empowerment of all through financial inclusion.

16. Indian Army developed app, Humraaz, for soldiers to track promotions, postings

The Indian Army has developed a mobile application named Humraaz. The app will allow serving soldiers to track details like postings and promotions.

The mobile app has been developed in-house by the Army and will be launched in the second week of August 2017. The app will allow prompt communication of information to junior commissioned officers and other personnel.

For security reasons, the installation of the application has been linked to verification of Aadhaar details.

The Aadhaar details will be verified with the Army database over National Information Centre cloud and Army personal will get a one-time-password on their registered mobile number.

17. PM Narendra Modi launched 'Intensified Mission Indradhanush'

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched an intensive immunisation drive at Vadnagar in Gujarat on 8 October 2017.

The campaign called the Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI), aims to reach every child below the age of two years and pregnant women still uncovered under the routine immunisation programme. The main objective behind this mission is to ensure no child suffers from any vaccine- preventable disease.

18. First Made in India industrial robot BRABO unveiled

TAL Manufacturing Solutions in April 2017 unveiled India’s first conceptualized, designed and manufactured articulated industrial robot called BRABO.BRABO stands for “Bravo Robot”. It has been developed indigenously for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) in India. 

TAL Manufacturing Solutions is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Motors.

19. MEA launched SAMEEP to take foreign policy to classroom

The Ministry of External Affairs has launched a new program SAMEEP (Students and MEA Engagement Program), to make the student understand India's place in the world and its global ambitions, and also to look at diplomacy as a career option. It’s an "outreach" mission by MEA to take India’s foreign policy and its worldwide engagements to students across the country.

Under this new program SAMEEP, the MEA (Ministry of External affairs) has asked all its officers, undersecretary and above, to go their hometowns and particularly their alma mater while on leave. 

There they would engage and interact with students in the schools and colleges and convey how the MEA works, India’s foreign policy, how they do diplomacy so that the student consider about this as a career option.

SAMEEP is a voluntary programme and it provides foreign officials the option of going back to any school or college in their hometown or to their alma mater.
 
20. Five associate banks, Bharatiya Mahila Bank merged with SBI 

Five associate banks of SBI and the Bharatiya Mahila Bank (BMB) were on 1 April 2017 merged with the State Bank of India (SBI). These five associate banks that were merged with the SBI are - State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur, State Bank of Hyderabad, State Bank of Mysore, State Bank of Patiala and State Bank of Travancore. 

With this merger, SBI will join the league of top 50 banks globally in terms of assets. Currently, no Indian bank features in the top 50 banks of the world.

21. SC banned sale and registration of Non-BS-IV Compliant Vehicles 

The Supreme Court (SC) on 29 March 2017 banned the sale and registration of vehicles which are not compliant with Bharat Stage-IV (BS-IV) emission norms.

All the vehicle registering authorities under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, are prohibited from registering non-BS-IV compliant vehicles except on proof that such a vehicle has already been sold on or before 31 March 2017.

22. India slipped to rank 131 in Human Development Index, Norway tops again 

India slipped to rank 131 in the 2016 Human Development Report (HDR) that was released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) on 21 March 2017. 

Among the 188 countries ranked in terms of human development, India stood at 131, a rank below its previous 130. India’s human development index (HDI) value of 0.624 puts it in the “medium human development” category alongside Pakistan and other countries such as Congo and Namibia.

Only two SAARC nations rank above India in the list, Sri Lanka (73) and Maldives (105), both of which figure in the high human development category.

23. ISRO successfully launched record 104 satellites including Cartosat-2 in single mission

The Indian Space Research organisation (ISRO) began 2017 with a historic feat in world space science by sending 104 satellites through PSLV C37 on 15 February 2017. The 104 satellites included India’s Cartosat-2 and two nano-satellites.

With this launch, ISRO successfully created a world record of inserting the highest number of satellites into space in a single launch. Its previous personal record was of sending 20 satellites in one go.

24. US President Donald Trump signed executive order to pull US out of TPP

Donald Trump, President of the United States of America, on 23 January 2017 signed an executive order to formally pull the country out of the negotiating process of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).

The TPP was one of the major international trade initiatives of Barack Obama. The partnership was aimed at setting trade rules for the 21st century and binding US allies against growing Chinese economic clout.

25. Trump announced US withdrawal from Paris Agreement on Climate Change

President Donald Trump announced on 1 June 2017 that he would withdraw the United States from the landmark 2015 Paris agreement to fight climate change.

Trump stated that the Paris accord would undermine the U.S. economy, cost U.S. jobs, weaken American national sovereignty and put the country at a permanent disadvantage to the other countries of the world.

26. US pulled out of UN’s migrant and refugee pact

The United States has withdrawn itself from a United Nations pact to improve the handling of migrant and refugee situations deeming it ‘inconsistent’ with its policies. 

The announcement was made by the US Mission to the United Nations in a statement, in which it informed the UN Secretary-General about US’s intention of ending its participation in the Global Compact on Migration, as it contained numerous provisions that are inconsistent with the Trump Administration's immigration principles.

27. US, Israel withdrew from UNESCO, accusing the cultural body of 'anti-Israel bias’ 

The United States and its ally Israel announced on 12 October 2017 that they were pulling out of the UN's culture and education body, UNESCO, accusing it of anti-Israel bias.

Speaking on the decision, the US State Department spokeswoman Heather Nauert said that the decision was not taken lightly and it reflects US concerns with mounting arrears at UNESCO, the need for fundamental reform in the organisation and continuing anti-Israel bias.

28. US President recognised Jerusalem as capital of Israel, promises to move US embassy 

The President of United States on 6 December 2017 recognised Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, keeping with his long overdue campaign promise.

Trump has also announced the plan of relocating the US embassy, which is currently based in Tel Aviv, to Jerusalem, a move that is being opposed by many nations across the world including some of America’s closest allies.

29. Wassenaar Arrangement to admit India as its new Member

Wassenaar Arrangement (WA), key export control regime, on 7 December 2017 decided to admit India as its new member. The decision was taken during the two-day plenary meeting of the Wassenaar Arrangement grouping in Vienna. 

The participating states of Wassenaar Arrangement reviewed the progress of the membership applications and agreed to admit India. Countries like Russia, France, Germany and the United States supported India’s bid to the group.

India will become the Arrangement's 42nd participating state as soon as the necessary procedural arrangements for joining the WA are completed.

30. India became 35th full member of Missile Technology Control Regime

India on 27 June 2016 became the 35th full member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). This entry would be mutually beneficial to enhance global non-proliferation norms.

The instrument of accession to MTCR for India was signed in New Delhi by Foreign Secretary S Jaishankar. The entry also marks India's first entry into any multilateral export control regime.

The MTCR Point of Contact in Paris conveyed the decision regarding India's accession to the regime through the French Embassy in New Delhi as well as the Embassies of The Netherlands and Luxembourg.

31. NASA developing first planetary defence mechanism 

NASA is developing the first-ever mission that will work as a planetary defence mechanism against potential cosmic body impacts in the future.  

The mission, The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), is being designed, built and managed by the John Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. It is the first-ever design that will have the capability of deflecting a near-Earth asteroid.

32. India’s Mars Orbiter, Mangalyaan completed 1000 days in orbit

Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), ISRO’s maiden interplanetary mission completed 1000 Earth days in its orbit on 19 June 2017, well beyond its designed mission life of six months.

This mission was launched on 5 November 2013 by PSLV-C25 and got inserted into the Martian orbit on 24 September 2014 in its very first attempt.  1000 Earth days corresponds to 973.25 Mars Sols (Martian Solar day) and MOM completed 388 orbits.

33. NASA's Juno Mission revealed Jupiter's deep secrets

The first science results from Nasa's Juno Mission were revealed on 25 May 2017 by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Juno captured the images which portray Jupiter, the largest planet in the Solar System, as a complex, gigantic, turbulent world with Earth-sized polar cyclones, plunging storm systems that travel deep into the heart of the gas giant.

34. Hyden Cross became first transgender man to give birth in Britain

Britain's first pregnant man has given birth to a girl. Hyden Cross, 21, made headlines around the world earlier in 2017 when he announced that he was pregnant by a sperm donor.

Three years ago, Cross had legally become male through gender assignment. He, however, put his transition on hold to have a child. Reports suggest that his daughter, Trinity-Leigh, was born on 16 June 2017 by caesarian at Gloucestershire Royal Hospital. With her birth, Cross became the first transgender man to give birth in the United Kingdom.

35. Privacy is a Fundamental Right under Article 21: Supreme Court 

A nine-judge bench of the Supreme Court on 24 August 2017 ruled that the Right to Privacy is the Fundamental Right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. The bench observed that privacy is intrinsic to freedom of life and personal liberty guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution.

The bench overruled the previous judgments in the M P Sharma and Kharak Singh cases, which declared that the Right to Privacy was not protected by the Constitution.

36. Ahmedabad became first Indian city to get UNESCO Heritage tag 

The Indian city of Ahmedabad on 8 July 2017 was declared India’s first World Heritage City, recognising heritage value of the walled city’s unique heritage. The announcement was made by the World Heritage Committee (WHC) of UNESCO following a meeting in Krakwo, Poland. 

After the announcement, the city has now joined the likes of heritage cities like Paris, Edinburg, Galle in Sri Lanka, Cairo, among others.  Ahmadabad’s nomination received huge support from around 20 countries, who lauded the peaceful co-existence of dominant Hindu, Islamic and Jain communities in the Walled City area. In 2011, the city had figured in UNESCO’s tentative list.

37. International Solar Alliance came into force 

The International Solar Alliance (ISA) on 6 December 2017 became a treaty-based international inter-governmental organisation following the ratification by Guinea on 6 November 2017. 

Guinea was the 15th country to ratify the agreement. And as per the rules, ISA would become an international legal body after the ratification by 15 countries. The other 14 countries were India, Bangladesh, Comoros, Fiji, France, Ghana, Mauritius, Nauru, Niger, Mali, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan and Tuvalu.

38. India ratified two ILO Conventions on elimination of child labour

The Indian government on 13 June 2017 ratified two fundamental Conventions of the International Labour Office (ILO) concerning the elimination of child labour, the Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138) and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182).  

India is the 170th ILO member state to ratify Convention No 138 that requires states party to set a minimum age under which no one shall be admitted to employment or work in any occupation with the exception of light work and artistic performances.

39. Union Government cleared Kambala Bill, legalising the Buffalo race

The Union Ministry of Law and Justice cleared the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Karnataka Amendment) Bill 2017, legalising Kambala, a traditional race involving buffaloes.  

Kambala is an annual Buffalo Race that is held traditionally under the sponsorship of local landlords and households in the coastal districts of Karnataka, India to entertain the rural people. Slushy/marshy paddy field track is used for Kambala. 

40. Union Environment Ministry banned sale of cattle for slaughter 

The Union Ministry of Environment and Forests on 23 May 2017 came up with new regulations that ban the sale of all kinds of cattle for slaughter across India. 

The rules were issued under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. It requires anyone purchasing cattle to provide an undertaking that the animals are bought for agricultural purposes and not slaughter. The definition of cattle includes bulls, bullocks, cows, buffalos, steers, heifers, calves and camels.

41. NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant launches India Innovation Index

NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant on 2 February 2017 launched the India Innovation Index in New Delhi. It is India’s first online innovation index portal. It will capture data on innovation from all Indian states and regularly update it in real time.

The primary objective of the India Innovation Index is to rank Indian states as per their innovation prowess and provide impetus to them to build their respective innovation ecosystems.

It is a joint initiative of the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog), Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) and Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). Multilateral agencies such as the World Economic Forum, the World Intellectual Property Organization, Cornell University, OECD, UNIDO, ILO, UNESCO and ITU will help the NITI Aayog in developing the index.

42. NITI Aayog launches SATH Program

NITI Aayog on 10 June 2017 launched SATH Program for providing ‘Sustainable Action for Transforming Human capital (SATH) to the State Governments.
 
The program is aimed at initiating the transformation in the education and health sectors and also aims to address the need for technical support from NITI Aayog towards the states.

SATH aims to identify and build three future ‘role model’ states for health systems.NITI Aayog will work in close collaboration with the state machinery to design a robust roadmap of intervention, develop a program governance structure, set up monitoring and tracking mechanisms and provide support on a range of institutional measures to achieve the end objectives.

It will be implemented by NITI along with McKinsey & Company and IPE Global consortium, who were selected through a competitive bidding process. To select the three model states, NITI defined a three-stage process – expression of interest, presentations by the states; and assessment of commitment to health sector reforms.

43. India unveiled 3rd National Wildlife Action Plan for 2017-2031

Third National Wildlife Action Plan for 2017-2031 was unveiled by India spelling out the future road map for wildlife conservation.

A road map to conserve wildlife of the country, in the form of an Action Plan was mooted in the 15th convention of Indian Board for Wildlife (NBWL) during 1982 and accordingly, the 1st National Wildlife Action Plan (NWAP-1) was drafted and adopted in 1983. It was put into practice from 1983 through 2001.

The Plan is based on the foundation that ecological processes that are governed, supported or strongly moderated by ecosystems are essential for food production, health and other aspects of human survival and sustainable development. So, maintenance of these ecosystems that can be termed as ‘Life Support Systems’ is vital for all societies regardless of their stage of development.

It also emphasizes on other two aspects of living resource conservation that is, preservation of genetic diversity and sustainable utilization of species and ecosystems which has a direct bearing on our scientific advancements and support to millions of rural communities.

44. Habibganj Railway Station to become India’s first private railway station

Habibganj Railway Station, located in the suburbs of Bhopal, will become India’s first railway station to be redeveloped in a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) mode.

The station redevelopment work in the railway station will be launched on 9 June 2017 by Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu. The project aims at developing Habibganj Railway Station as a as a world-class transit hub equipped with all amenities.

45. IUCN declared Snow Leopard no longer endangered

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in September 2017 announced that snow leopards are no longer considered an endangered species.

The IUCN moved the animal into the less urgent “vulnerable” category. Although, the species still remain at risk from a reduction in numbers of its prey and poaching for its fur and bones.

It is interesting to note that the IUCN has reclassified snow leopard for the first time in 45 years.

46. Rohit Sharma became 1st batsmen to score 3 ODI double centuries

Indian batsman Rohit Sharma created history on 13 December 2017 by becoming the first batsman in the history of cricket to score three double centuries in one-day internationals (ODI).

The ace batsman achieved the feat during India’s second ODI against Sri Lanka in Mohali, Punjab, in which India put up a mammoth score of 394/4 in 50 overs.

47. Ravi Shastri was named new coach of Indian Cricket Team

The BCCI on 11 July 2017 named Ravi Shastri as the new chief coach of the Indian cricket team. He will be with the team as its head coach till ICC World Cup 2019.

The Virat Kohli-led Indian cricket team has been without a head coach after Anil Kumble resigned from the post after the ICC Champions Trophy 2017. 

For Shastri, 55, this will be his third stint with the national team. Earlier, he has served the national team as a Cricket Manager during 2007 tour to Bangladesh, then as Team Director from 2014 August to 2016 June during which India won Test overseas series versus Sri Lanka. During his tenure as Team Director, the team also reached the semi-finals of 2015 World Cup and World T20 semi-finals in 2016.

48. Mithali Raj shattered record, became first player to score 6000 runs in women’s ODI cricket 

Indian captain Mithali Raj scripted history on 12 July 2017 as she became the only female cricketer to surpass the 6000 run mark in One-Day Internationals (ODI). 

Mithali overtook Charlotte Edwards (5992) after scoring her 34th run against Australia in Bristol. The 34-year-old reached the landmark in her 183rd ODI, taking 164 innings - 16 less than Edwards.

49. Veteran Bollywood actor Shashi Kapoor died at 79

Veteran Bollywood actor of the 70s Shashi Kapoor passed away on 4 December 2015 following a prolonged illness at the Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital in Mumbai. He was 79. 

Born on 18 March 1938 to film actor Prithviraj Kapoor, Shashi Kapoor hit the theatre at the age of four. He acted in plays directed and produced by his father.

He began his acting career as a child artiste in Raj Kapoor's films ‘Aag’ and ‘Awara’ in the late '40s. Shashi Kapoor was known for his line 'Mere Paas Maa Hai'.

As a leading man, Kapoor made his debut in 1961 in Yash Chopra film 'Dharamputra', a film that remains relevant till date with its portrayal of the Partition and communalism.

Some of his unforgettable films are "Deewar", Waqt, Jab Jab Phool Khile, Kanyadaan, Sharmilee, Kabhie Kabhie, "Namak Halal", Satyam Shivam Sundaram and others. He also worked in some offbeat films like ‘Chaar Diwari’ and ‘Prem Patra’.

50. Veteran actor Om Puri died at 66

Om Puri, the veteran actor of Bollywood, died on 5 January 2017 in Mumbai. He passed away after a massive heart attack. He was 66.

Born on 18 October 1950, Puri appeared in commercial Indian, British, American, and Pakistani films.He also acted in art films and independent films.

He studied at the Film and Television Institute of India as well as the National School of Drama.He made his film debut with the Marathi film Ghashiram Kotwal (1976).

Hailing from Ambala, Haryana, Om Puri, was a recipient of Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India as well as Order of the British Empire (OBE).