ಜಿ,ಎಸ್,ಟಿ, ಗೆ ಸಂಬಂದಿಸಿದ ವಿಷಯಗಳು

*🔮⚱जीएसटी से संबंधित महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य⚱🔮*
🎀जीएसटी का अर्थ है *गुड एंड सर्विस टैक्स वस्तु व सेवा कर बिल* है
🎀इसके तहत पूरे भारत में *एक ही तरह का टैक्स* लगेगा
🎀जिससे पूरे भारत में *एक ही वस्तु का एक ही मुल्य* होगा
🎀और वर्तमान में विद्यमान *विभिन्न प्रकार के अप्रत्यक्ष करो की समाप्ति* होगी
🎀जीएसटी बिल *वैट सिद्धांत* पर आधारित है
🎀जीएसटी का सुझाव *सर्वप्रथम अप्रत्यक्ष करो पर केलकर कार्यबल ने 2003* में दिया था
🎀वर्ष 2014 में लागू जीएसटी *संविधान संशोधन 122* के तहत *सभी वस्तुओं*पर कर लगेगा *सिर्फ अल्कोहल/शराब* पर नहीं लगेगा
🎀जीएसटी *एक अप्रत्यक्ष कर*जो देश भर में *वस्तुओं और सेवाओं की आपूर्ति*पर विनिर्माता से उपभोक्ताओं तक *एकल कर* होगा
🎀जिससे पूरा देश *एक एकीकृत साझा व्यापार*में परिवर्तित हो जाएगा
🎀उत्पादन के प्रत्येक चरण में भुगतान किए गए *इनपुट करों का लाभ मूल्य संवर्द्धन के बाद* के चरण में उपलब्ध होगा
🎀इस प्रकार उत्पादन के स्तर पर *केवल वैल्यू एडिशन पर ही यह कर*देना होगा
🎀अंतिम उपभोक्ताओं को इस आपूर्ति श्रंखला में *अंतिम डीलर द्वारा लगाया गया GST* ही वहन करना होगा
🎀इस प्रकार विभिन्न स्तरों पर लगने वहां वाले *करो पर कर का प्रभाव समाप्त*सकेगा
🎀जीएसटी के लागू होने से केन्द्रीय करों मे से *केन्द्रीय उत्पाद शुल्क, अतिरिक्त उत्पाद शुल्क ,सेवा कर, एडिशनल कस्टम ड्यूटी,विशेष ओर अतिरिक्त कस्टम ड्यूटी,तथा वस्तुओं व
सेवाओं*पर लगने वाले सारे सरचार्ज व सैस जहां समाप्त होंगे
🎀वहीं राज्य के करों मे *वैट, मनोरंजन कर, केंद्रीय बिक्री कर, चुंगी व प्रवेश कर, खरीद कर, विलासिता कर ,लॉटरी ,सट्टे व जुए पर लगने वाले कर* तथा सरचार्ज व सैस इसमे समाहित हो जाएंगे
🎀इस प्रकार *केंद्र ,राज्य व स्थानीय निकायों* द्वारा लिए जाने वाले *विभिन्न प्रत्यक्ष करो के स्थान पर एकीकृत जीएसटी* ही वसूला जाएगा और पूरा देश *एक समरूप बाजार के रूप*में विकसित हो सकेगा
🎀जीएसटी लागू होने से *वस्तुओं के मूल्य कम* होंगे
🎀जिसका सीधा *लाभ उपभोक्ताओं* को होगा
*🎀सेवाओं के मूल्य में कुछ वृद्धि* इससे होगी
*🎀वस्तुओं व सेवाओं की लागत कम* होने से *भारतीय निर्यात* को इससे बढ़ावा मिलेगा
🎀अर्थशास्त्रियों का मानना है कि इस से *जीडीपी में वृद्धि* होगी
*🎀नेशनल कॉउंसिल ऑफ एप्लाइड इकोनॉमिक रिसर्च*ने इससे जीडीपी में *0.9%से 1.7% की वृद्धि* का अनुमान व्यक्त किया था
🎀जीएसटी की *संरचना दोहरी किस्म*की होगी
🎀केंद्र सरकार द्वारा लगाया व वसूला जाने वाला कर तथा राज्य सरकारों द्वारा लगाया व वसूला जाने वाला कर *वैल्यू एडिशन के प्रत्येक चरण पर CGST व SGST वसूली*जाएंगे
🎀जीएसटी के मामले में विभिन्न मिलने के लिए *जीएसटी परिषद का गठन* किया जाएगा
*🎀जीएसटी परिषद का अध्यक्ष वित्त मंत्री* होगा
🎀जीएसटी परिषद में *केंद्र व राज्य दोनों*का प्रतिनिधित्व होगा
🎀जीएसटी परिषद में *सभी राज्य सरकारे*सदस्य होंगी
🎀इस कारण यह *एक शक्तिशाली सांविधिक निकाय* होगा
🎀जीएसटी का *आरोपण* शुरू से अंत तक *सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी पर आधारित* होने के कारण इसका *अनुपालन सरल*होगा और *कर वंचना नहीं*हो सकेगी
🎀इससे *कर संग्रह में वृद्धि*होगी और *कर संग्रहण की लागत कम*होगी
*🎀केंद्र व राज्य* सरकारों दोनों को ही *जीएसटी के संबंध में कानून*बनाने का अधिकार होगा
*🎀संविधान संशोधन 122* के तहत वैयक्तिक उपभोग वाली *शराब को जीएसटी के दायरे* से बाहर रखा गया है
*🎀पेट्रोलियम उत्पादों* पर जीएसटी के लागू करने के संबंध में निर्णय *जीएसटी काउंसिल* द्वारा लिया जाएगा
🎀जीएसटी के परिणाम स्वरुप राज्य को होने वाली *राजस्व हानि की भरपाई 5 वर्षों तक केंद्र*द्वारा की जाएगी
🎀भारत में *वैट सिद्धांत पर आधारित एक व्यापक जीएसटी*लाने का सुझाव *सर्वप्रथम अप्रत्यक्ष करो* पर *केलकर कार्यबल ने 2003* में दिया था
*🎀वर्ष 2010* तक राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर जीएसटी लागू करने का प्रस्ताव *केंद्र सरकार के 2006-07 के बजट* में किया गया था
🎀इसके लिए *विस्तृत रूपरेखा व रोड मैप* तैयार करने का दायित्व *राज्य के वित्त मंत्रियों की अधिकार प्राप्त समिति* को सौंपा
🎀राज्यों के वित्त मंत्रियों की *अधिकार प्राप्त समिति की अनेक बैठक व व केंद्र के साथ समिति के विचार विमर्श* के पश्चात जीएसटी के लिए *वार्षिक सविधान संसोधन विधेयक (115 वां सविधान संशोधन विधेयक) मार्च 2011* में लोकसभा में प्रस्तुत किया गया था
🎀जहां इसे संसद की *वित्त पर स्थायी समिति* को संदर्भित किया गया था
🎀लेकिन *15वी लोकसभा भंग*हो जाने पर यह *विधेयक निष्प्रभावी*हो गया
🎀केंद्र में *मई 2014 में नई सरकार के गठन* के बाद पुनः *केंद्रीय७ मंत्रिमंडल* ने इसके लिए विधेयक के मसौदे को *17 दिसंबर 2014* को मंजूरी दी गई
*🎀19 दिसंबर 2014 को लोकसभा में प्रस्तुत* किया गया
*🎀6 मई 2015* को *लोकसभा*ने इसे पारित कर दिया था
🎀इसके @rvind:
पश्चात राज्यसभा में इसे *प्रवर समिति को सन्दर्भित* किया था
*🎀प्रवर समिति*ने अपनी रिपोर्ट *22 जुलाई 2015* को प्रस्तुत की थी
*🎀विपक्षी दलों के साथ लंबे व गहन विचार विमर्श* के बाद इसके लिए *जुलाई 2016 में सरकार ने सहमति*प्राप्त की
🎀जिससे *3 अगस्त 2016* को यह विधेयक *राज्यसभा* में पारित हो गया
*🎀अनेक संशोधनों* के कारण *लोकसभा में इसे 8 अगस्त 2016*को पुनः पारित कराया गया
नोट्स by////// *ममता शर्मा*//////
🎀जीएसटी सविधान संशोधन विधेयक *101 वे सविधान संशोधन अधिनियम के रूप में अधिसूचित* किया गया है
🎀101 वे संविधान संशोधन अधिनियम के रूप में अधिसूचित इस *जीएसटी में कई महत्वपूर्ण निर्णय* लिए गए थे
*🎀वस्तुओं और सेवाओं पर समान करारोपण* के लिए लाए जाने वाले जीएसटी के लिए *122वें संविधान संशोधन विधेयक* को राष्ट्रपति का अनुमोदन *8 सितंबर 2016* को प्राप्त हुआ था
🎀जिससे *जीएसटी बिल 101 वे सविधान संशोधन अधिनियम* के रूप में *अधिसूचित* किया गया था
🎀इससे बहुप्रतिक्षित *गुड एंड सर्विस टैक्स के लिए मार्ग प्रशस्त* हो गया
🎀सरकार द्वारा *1अप्रैल 2017* से इसे *लागू करने*का प्रयास किया जा रहा है
🎀राज्य सभा द्वारा *3 अगस्त 2016 को और लोकसभा द्वारा 8 अगस्त 2016* को बिल को पारित किया गया था
🎀पारित इस बिल को *122वें संविधान संशोधन विधेयक के राष्ट्रपति द्वारा*अनुमोदन के लिए *कम से कम 50% विधान सभाओं में भी पारित* होना आवश्यक था
*🎀16 विधान सभा*के अनुमोदन के पश्चात इसे *राष्ट्रपति की मंजूरी*हेतु भेजा गया
🎀GST सविधान संशोधन अधिनियम *अधिसूचित* होने के पश्चात इस *कर की दरें व इसके नियमों*आदि के निर्धारण के लिए *केंद्रीय वित्त मंत्री की अध्यक्षता में जीएसटी परिषद का गठन*किया गया
🎀जीएसटी परिषद का गठन *12 सितंबर 2016*को किया गया था
🎀 सभी *राज्य सरकारें इस परिषद की सदस्य* हैं
🎀जीएसटी परिषद की *पहली बैठक 22 सितंबर 2016 को नई दिल्ली*में संपन्न हुई थी
🎀GST परिषद की प्रथम बैठक में *केंद्रीय वित्त मंत्री अरुण जेटली की अध्यक्षता*मे *GST के संबंध में कई महत्वपूर्ण निर्णय* लिए गए थे
*🎀20 लाख से कम* सालाना टर्नओवर वाले *(उत्तराखंड हिमाचल प्रदेश जम्मू कश्मीर व पूर्वोत्तर राज्यों के मामले में 10 लाख)* व्यापारियों को *जीएसटी के दायरे से बाहर* रखने का निर्णय *जीएसटी की प्रथम बैठक*में लिया गया
*🎀1.50 करोड़ से कम सालाना* कारोबार वाले व्यापारी जहां राज्य के *अधिकारियों की जांच के दायरे में आएंगे*वहीं *इससे अधिक कारोबार वाले*केंद्र व राज्य दोनों के क्षेत्राधिकार में आएंगे
🎀राज्य के *राजस्व अनुमानों* के लिए *वर्ष 2015-16*को ही आधार माना जाएगा

Current Affairs

1. Which state to host 3rd edition of LIC-Gateway LitFest?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Karnataka
[C] West Bengal
[D] Assam

Correct Answer: A

Answer Explanation:
The 3rd edition of the annual LIC Gateway LitFest will be held in Mumbai, Maharashtra on February 25 and 26, 2017. The 2017 theme is ‘the contemporary face of Indian literature’, which focuses on five languages – Bengali, Marathi, Malayalam, Punjabi and Tamil. There will be a discussion for writers from script-free languages such as Ahirani, Bhojpuri, Khasi, Konkani, Kosli and Santhali. In the Litfest, approx 50 writers from 15 languages, including National Award winner K R
Meera, script-writer Anjali Menon and ace filmmaker Adoor Gopalakrishnan will participate. Apart from this, Kosli poet Haldhar Nag will be bestowed with the first Gateway LitFest Lifetime Achievement Award.

2. Who has been chosen as the new chief minister of Nagaland?
[A] K. L. Chishi
[B] John Bosco Jasokie
[C] Hokishe Sema
[D] Shurhozelie Liezietsu

Correct Answer: D

Answer Explanation:
Shurhozelie Liezietsu (81), the president of Naga People’s Front (NPF), has been chosen as the new Chief Minister (CM) of Nagaland in place of T R Zeliang who resigned on February 19, 2017 under intense pressure from agitating tribal organizations. Shurhozelie, who is not an MLA and belongs to Angami tribe, will now have to seek an election within 6 months. According to an official source, Liezietsu will be sworn-in as the new CM on February 22.

3. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, who has won the 2017 Rotterdam Tennis Tournament, is belonged to which country?
[A] Belgium
[B] France
[C] United States
[D] Germany

Correct Answer: B

Answer Explanation:
Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, a French professional tennis player, has won the 2017 Rotterdam Tennis Tournament by defeating David Goffin of Belgium in the final by 4-6, 6-4, 6-1.

4. Shibaji Banerjee, who passed away recently, was the legendary player of which sports?
[A] Chess
[B] Cricket
[C] Football
[D] Tennis

Correct Answer: C

Answer Explanation:
Shibaji Banerjee (68), the former Mohun Bagan and India national team goalkeeper, has recently passed away in Kolkata, West Bengal. He played for Mohun Bagan for 11 years and was famous for saving penalty-kicks. He is considered to be one of India’s best shot-stoppers when it came to penalty-kicks. His most memorable performance in a tie-breaker was against Mohammedan Sporting in the 1980 Federation Cup semi-final when he stopped spot-kicks from Akbar and Amalraj. Banerjee is best remembered for his performance against New York Cosmos in 1977, which had the Brazilian legend Pele in their ranks. His diving save from Pele in the first half is one of the most-talked about moments in Indian football and has become a part of the folklore.

5. Which public sector bank has signed MoU with the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) to start higher education financing agency?
[A] Canara Bank
[B] State Bank of India
[C] ICICI Bank
[D] HDFC Bank

Correct Answer: A

Answer Explanation:
The Canara Bank has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) to operationalise the Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA). HEFA has been formed as a special purpose vehicle. It would leverage the equity to raise up to Rs. 20,000 crore for funding projects for infrastructure and development of world class Labs in IITs/IIMs/NITs and such other institutions. HEFA would also mobilise CSR funds from PSUs/corporates, which would in turn be released for promoting research and innovation in these institutions on a grant basis. The purpose of the HEFA is to create high quality infrastructure/capital assets in premier educational institutions. All the centrally funded higher educational institutions would be eligible for joining as members of HEFA.

6. “Let’s read together” programme was held in which state’s government-run schools?
[A] Rajasthan
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Manipur
[D] Himachal Pradesh

Correct Answer: B

Answer Explanation:
The ‘Mile Banche Madhya Pradesh (or Let us read together) programme has been held in all government schools of Madhya Pradesh. As part of the programme, over 1.26 lakh volunteers including MP Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan besides pensioners, mediapersons, homemakers and other professionals played the role of a ‘teacher’ for a day in government-run schools on February 18, 2017. They read out a portion of any Hindi book. Along with this, they motivate children to read out any portion of their interest from any other book.

7. India has sanctioned how much amount of soft loan to Nepal for infra projects?
[A] $444 million
[B] $245 million
[C] $340 million
[D] $542 million

Correct Answer: C

Answer Explanation:
The Indian government has sanctioned $340 million soft loan to Nepal for various infrastructure development programmes at Nepal Infrastructure Summit 2017 at Kathmandu, Nepal on February 19, 2017. Under this programme, Mahalaki bridge and 15 roads will be constructed in various parts of Nepal.

8. Altamas Kabir, the former Chief Justice of India (CJI) has passed away. He hailed from which of the following states?
[A] Kerala
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] West Bengal

Correct Answer: D

Answer Explanation:
Altamas Kabir (68), the former Chief Justice of India (CJI), has recently passed away in Kolkata, West Bengal on February 19, 2017. Justice Kabir was the Chief Justice at Supreme Court for a brief period of nine months in 2012-13. As the Chief Justice, he was part of the Supreme Court Bench which heard the case of the two Italian marines in 2013. He would be remembered for the gentle yet firm nature with which he handled court work as well as his administrative job as the head of India’s judicial system.

9. Which state government has approved cloud seeding program to produce adequate rain?
[A] Punjab
[B] Haryana
[C] Maharashtra
[D] Madhya Pradesh

Correct Answer: C

Answer Explanation:
The Maharashtra government has approved Rs. 250-crore cloud seeding programme to produce adequate rain because of droughts over the Vidarbha region. The programme would be coordinated by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology. It will be the first controlled experiment to quantify the extent to which clouds form water drops large enough to make rain. For their experiment, weather scientists will fly will fly two aircraft and spray dry ice and silver iodide on 100 clouds and compare them with 100 unseeded clouds. Ground radar will track the clouds and verify which ones contributed rain and by how much. The programme will account for the natural variability of the monsoon.

10. Which public sector bank has won the National MSME Excellence Award 2017?
[A] Punjab National Bank
[B] Corporation Bank
[C] ICICI Bank
[D] State Bank of India

Correct Answer: B

Answer Explanation:
The Mangalore-based public sector lender, Corporation Bank has won the ‘National MSME Excellence Award 2017’ at a function in New Delhi for playing constructive role in the MSME sector viz. online loan facility for MSME borrowers, online facility for revival and rehabilitation of MSME, campaign for growth with various concessions and collateral
free loans up to Rs 2 crore under Credit Guarantee Scheme (CGS), etc. The award is instituted by the Federation of Industry Trade and Services (FITS), which is a national industry body working in the form of a bridge between the industry and the state and central governments.

Interesting Facts about india

Interesting Facts about India

    India never invaded any country in her last 100000 years of history.
    When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization)
    The name 'India' is derived from the River Indus, the valleys around which were the home of the early settlers. The Aryan worshippers referred to the river Indus as the Sindhu.
    The Persian invaders converted it into Hindu. The name 'Hindustan' combines Sindhu and Hindu and thus refers to the land of the Hindus.
    Chess was invented in India.
    Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus are studies, which originated in India.
    The 'Place Value System' and the 'Decimal System' were developed in India in 100 B.C.
    The World's First Granite Temple is the Brihadeswara Temple at Tanjavur, Tamil Nadu. The shikhara of the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite. This magnificent temple was built in just five years, (between 1004 AD and 1009 AD) during the reign of Rajaraja Chola.
    India is the largest democracy in the world, the 7th largest Country in the world, and one of the most ancient civilizations.
    The game of Snakes & Ladders was created by the 13th century poet saint Gyandev. It was originally called 'Mokshapat'. The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices. The game was played with cowrie shells and dices. In time, the game underwent several modifications, but its meaning remained the same, i.e. good deeds take people to heaven and evil to a cycle of re-births.
    The world's highest cricket ground is in Chail, Himachal Pradesh. Built in 1893 after leveling a hilltop, this cricket pitch is 2444 meters above sea level.
    India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world.
    The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways, employing over a million people.
    The world's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
    Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father of Medicine, Charaka, consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.
    India was one of the richest countries till the time of British rule in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus, attracted by India's wealth, had come looking for a sea route to India when he discovered America by mistake.
    The Art of Navigation & Navigating was born in the river Sindh over 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word 'NAVGATIH'. The word navy is also derived from the Sanskrit word 'Nou'.
    Bhaskaracharya rightly calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the Sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. According to his calculation, the time taken by the Earth to orbit the Sun was 365.258756484 days.
    The value of "pi" was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, long before the European mathematicians.
    Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus also originated in India.Quadratic Equations were used by Sridharacharya in the 11th century. The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10*53 (i.e. 10 to the power of 53) with specific names as early as 5000 B.C.during the Vedic period.Even today, the largest used number is Terra: 10*12(10 to the power of 12).
    Until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds in the world
    (Source: Gemological Institute of America).
    The Baily Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. It was built by the Indian Army in August 1982.
    Sushruta is regarded as the Father of Surgery. Over2600 years ago Sushrata & his team conducted complicated surgeries like cataract, artificial limbs, cesareans, fractures, urinary stones, plastic surgery and brain surgeries.
    Usage of anaesthesia was well known in ancient Indian medicine. Detailed knowledge of anatomy, embryology, digestion, metabolism,physiology, etiology, genetics and immunity is also found in many ancient Indian texts.
    India exports software to 90 countries.
    The four religions born in India - Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, are followed by 25% of the world's population.
    Jainism and Buddhism were founded in India in 600 B.C. and 500 B.C. respectively.
    Islam is India's and the world's second largest religion.
    There are 300,000 active mosques in India, more than in any other country, including the Muslim world.
    The oldest European church and synagogue in India are in the city of Cochin. They were built in 1503 and 1568 respectively.
    Jews and Christians have lived continuously in India since 200 B.C. and 52 A.D. respectively
    The largest religious building in the world is Angkor Wat, a Hindu Temple in Cambodia built at the end of the 11th century.
    The Vishnu Temple in the city of Tirupathi built in the 10th century, is the world's largest religious pilgrimage destination. Larger than either Rome or Mecca, an average of 30,000 visitors donate $6 million (US) to the temple everyday.
    Sikhism originated in the Holy city of Amritsar in Punjab. Famous for housing the Golden Temple, the city was founded in 1577.
    Varanasi, also known as Benaras, was called "the Ancient City" when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C., and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.
    India provides safety for more than 300,000 refugees originally from Sri Lanka, Tibet, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, who escaped to flee religious and political persecution.
    His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists, runs his government in exile from Dharmashala in northern India.
    Martial Arts were first created in India, and later spread to Asia by Buddhist missionaries.
    Yoga has its origins in India and has existed for over 5,000 years.

ಇತಿಹಾಸದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಜ್ಞಾನ

ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಭಾರತದ ಮೊದಲ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ಯಾರು? ?
ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೌಂಟ್ ಬ್ಯಾಟನ್ ✔️✔️

ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಭಾರತದ ಮೊದಲ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ಯಾರು? ?
ರಾಜಗೋಪಾಲಚಾರ್ಯ**

ಭಾರತದ ನಾಗರೀಕ ಸೇವೆಗಳ ಪಿತಾಮಹ ಎಂದು ಯಾವ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಗೆ ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ? ?
🙈ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಕಾರ್ನ್ ವಾಲಿಸ್✔️✔️

ಅಖಿಲ ಭಾರತದ ಸೇವೆಗಳ ಪಿತಾಮಹ ಎಂದು ಯಾರನ್ನು ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ? ?
ಸರ್ದಾರ್ ವಲ್ಲಭಬಾಯಿ ಪಟೇಲ್✔️✔️

ಸಹಾಯಕ ಸೈನ್ಯ ಪದ್ದತಿ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ತಂದವರು? ?
ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ವೆಲ್ಲಸ್ಲಿ✔️✔️

ಯಾವಾಗ?
೧೭೯೮

ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಹಿ ಹಾಕಿದ ಮೊದಲ ಅರಸ?
ನಿಜಾಮ್ ಅಲಿಖಾನ್✔️✔️

ಯಾವಾಗ ಸಹಿ ಹಾಕಿದ್ದು? ?
೧೭೯೮

ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಹಿ ಹಾಕಿದ ಮರಾಠ ಪೇಶ್ವೆ ಯಾರು? ?
೨ ನೇ ಬಾಲಾಜಿ ಬಾಜಿರಾವ್✔️✔️

ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಹಿ ಹಾಕಿದ ಮೈಸೂರಿನ ಅರಸ ಯಾರು? ?

ಮುಮ್ಮಡಿ ಕೃಷ್ಣರಾಜ ಒಡೆಯರ್
ಮುಮ್ಮಡಿ ಕೃಷ್ಣರಾಜ ಒಡೆಯರ್ ಯಾವಾಗ ಸಹಿ ಹಾಕಿದರು? ?
1799✔️✔️

ಸಹಿ ಹಾಕಲು ನಿರಾಕರಿಸಿದವರು ಯಾರು? ?
ಮೊದಲನೆ ಬಾರಿಗೆ?
ಟಿಪ್ಪು**

ಸತಿ ನಿಷೇಧ ಆಗಿದ್ದು ಯಾವಾಗ?
1829 Dec 4✔️✔️

ಯಾರು ನಿಷೇಧ ಮಾಡಿದವರು? ?
ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಬೆಂಟಿಕ್✔️

ಇಂಗ್ಲೀಷ್ ಭಾಷೆ ನ ಆಡಳಿತ ಭಾಷೆಯನ್ನಾಗಿ ಮಾಡಿದ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ಯಾರು? ?
ಬೆಂಟಿಕ್

ಮೇಕಾಲೆ ವರದಿ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಬಂದಿದ್ದು?
1835✔️✔️

ಹೆಣ್ಣು ಶಿಶು ಬ್ರೂಣ ಹತ್ಯೆ ರದ್ದು ಮಾಡಿದ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ಯಾರು? ?
ಬೆಂಟಿಕ್✔️✔️

ಗುಲಾಮಗಿರಿ ಪದ್ದತಿ ರದ್ದು ಮಾಡಿದ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ಯಾರು? ?

ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಎಲಿನೋ ಬರ್ಲೋ✔️✔️✔️
1843 ರಲ್ಲಿ ರದ್ದು✔️✔️

ನರಬಲಿ ಪದ್ದತಿ ರದ್ದು ಮಾಡಿದ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ಯಾರು? ?
ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಹಾರ್ಡಿಂಜ್ I ✔️✔️

ಅತಿ ಚಿಕ್ಕ ವಯಸ್ಸಿನ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ ಯಾರು? ?
ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಡಾಲ್ ಹೌಸಿ✔️✔️

ದತ್ತು ಮಕ್ಕಳಿಗೆ ಹಕ್ಕಿಲ್ಲ ನೀತಿ ತಂದವರು?
ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಡಾಲ್ ಹೌಸಿ✔️✔️

ಯಾವಾಗ ತಂದರು? ?
1848✔️✔️

ಮೊದಲಿಗೆ ವಶಪಡಿಸಿಕೊಂಡ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಯಾವುದು? ?
ಸತಾರ✔️✔️

ಸಂಬಲ್ ಪುರ್ ಯಾವಾಗ ವಶಪಡಿಸಿಕೊಂಡರು? ?
1849✔️✔️

ಉದಯ್ ಪುರ ನ್ನು ಯಾವಾಗ ವಶಪಡಿಸಿಕೊಂಡರು? ?
1852✔️✔️

ಝಾನ್ಸಿ ನ ಯಾವಾಗ ವಶಪಡಿಸಿಕೊಂಡರು?

1853✔️✔️

ಚಾರ್ಲ್ಸ್ ವುಡ್ ವರದಿ ಯಾವಾಗ? ?

1854✔️✔️

ಆಧುನಿಕ ಭಾರತದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಪಕ ಎಂದು ಯಾವ ಗವರ್ನರ ನಿಗೆ ಕರೆಯುವರು ??

ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಡಾಲ್ ಹೌಸಿ✔️✔️

ಪ್ರಥಮ ರೈಲು ಮಾರ್ಗ ಎಲ್ಲಿಂದ ಎಲ್ಲಿಗೆ?

ಮುಂಬೈ ಟು ಥಾನ✔️✔️

*ಇತಿಹಾಸ*

1. ಭಾರತದ ಪ್ರಪ್ರಥಮ ಮಹಿಳಾ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯದ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕರು ಯಾರು?
*👉ಡಿ.ಕೆ.ಕರ್ವೆ*

2.ಬಂಗಾಳದ ಮುಸ್ಲಿಂ ಸುಧಾರಣಾ ಚಳುವಳಿಯ ನಾಯಕರು ಯಾರು?
*👉ಆಮೀರ್ ಆಲಿ*

3.ಸ್ವಾಭಿಮಾನ ಚಳುವಳಿಯ ನಾಯಕ ಯಾರು?
*👉ಪೆರಿಯಾರ್*

4.ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರ ವೀರುದ್ದ ನಡೆದ ವೊದಲ ಬಣಪ್ರಿಯ ಚಳುವಳಿ ಯಾವುದು?
*👉ಕುಕ ದಂಗೆ*

5.ಭಾರತೀಯ ಕ್ರಾಂತಿಯ ತಾಯಿ ಎಂದು ಹೆಸರಾಗಿದ್ದವರು ಯಾರು?
*👉ಭಿಕಾಜಿ ರುಸ್ತಂ ಕಾಮಾ*

ವಿವಿಧ ಸೂಚ್ಯಂಕದಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾರತದ ಸ್ಥಾನ

*ವಿಶ್ವ ವಿವಿದ ಸೂಚ್ಯಂಕದಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾರತ ಸ್ಥಾನ *
👉ಪದವಿದಾರನ್ನು ತಯಾರು ಮಡುವಲ್ಲಿ.- 8ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನ.
👉 ಸ್ಥಿರ ಬ್ರಾಡ ಬ್ಯಾ೦ಡ ಅಳತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ -39 ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನ.
👉 ತ೦ತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನ ರಪ್ತು ಮಾಡುವಲ್ಲಿ- 61ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನ.
👉  ಮಾನವ ಸ೦ಪನ್ಮೂಲ್   ಸ೦ಶೊಧನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ - 63ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನ.
👉 ಭಷ್ಟಚಾರ ಸೂಚ್ಯ೦ಕದಲ್ಲಿ -  76ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನ.
👉 good country ಸ್ಥಾನದಲ್ಲಿ - 70ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನ.
👉 ಲಿ೦ಗತಾರತಮ್ಯ ಸೂಚ್ಯಾ೦ಕದಲ್ಲಿ -108ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನ.
👉 ಸುಸ್ಥಿರ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಸೂಚ್ಯಾ೦ಕದಲ್ಲಿ -110ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನ.
👉 ಜಾಗತಿಕ ಸ೦ತೃಷ್ಷ ರಾಷ್ಷ್ರಗಳಲ್ಲಿ. -118ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನ.
👉 ವಿಶ್ವ ಪತ್ರಿಕಾ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ -133 ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನ.
👉 ಮಾನವ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಸೂಚ್ಯಾ೦ಕದಲ್ಲಿ -  130ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನ.

👉 ಜಾಗತಿಕ ಶಾ೦ತಿಯುತ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಗಳಲ್ಲಿ -141ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನ.

ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಜ್ಞಾನ

👍ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ತರಬೇತಿ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದಲ್ಲಿ ಎಲ್ಲಿದೆ?
     ಉಡುಪಿ

✌ಎನ್.ಟಿ.ಪಿ.ಸಿ ನ (NTPC) ವಿಸ್ತೃತ ರೂಪವೇನು?
              National thermal power corporation.

✌ಗೋಪಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಅಡಿಗರ ಯಾವ ಕೃತಿಗೆ ಪಂಪ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ದೊರಕಿದೆ?
          ಸುವಣ೯ ಪುತ್ಥಳಿ.

✌ಯುರೋಪಿನ ಯಾವ ನಗರವನ್ನು ಬಿಳಿಯ ನಗರ ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ?
        ಬೆಲ್ಗ್ರೇಡ್.

✌ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿಯವರನ್ನು ಕುರಿತು ಪ್ರಥಮ ಬಾರಿಗೆ ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಗ್ರಂಥವನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಿದವರು ಯಾರು?
           ಹಡೆ೯ಕರ್ ಮಂಜಪ್ಪ.

✌ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ದ್ವೀಪಗಳಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಅತಿ ಎತ್ತರವಾದ ಶಿಖರ ಯಾವುದು?
           ಸ್ಯಾಡಲ್ ಶಿಖರ.

✌ಪರಾಗ ಸ್ಪರ್ಶಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ಕೀಟಗಳನ್ನು ಆಕರ್ಷಿಸುವ ಹೂವಿನ ಭಾಗ ಯಾವುದು?
          ಪುಷ್ಪದಳ.

✌ ಕಿವಿ ಪಕ್ಷಿಯ ತವರೂರು ಯಾವುದು?
              ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಅಮೆರಿಕಾ.

✌ಅಲಹಾಬಾದ್ ಬಳಿ ಗಂಗಾನದಿಯನ್ನು ಸೇರುವ ನದಿ ಯಾವುದು?
             ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿ.

✌ಬಳಸಿದ ವಿದ್ಯುಚ್ಚಕ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಅಳತೆ ಮಾಡುವ ಸಾಧನ ಯಾವುದು?
            ವೋಲ್ಟಾ ಮೀಟರ್.

✌ಬಾಸ್ ಜಲಸಂಧಿ ಎಲ್ಲಿದೆ?
               ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಡ್ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ ನಡುವೆ.

✌ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಬೃಹದೀಶ್ವರ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ ಎಲ್ಲಿದೆ?
               ತಾಂಜಾವೂರು.

✌ವಿಶ್ವ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾನವ ಹಕ್ಕು ಆಯೋಗದ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥೆಯಾಗಿ ನೇಮಕವಾದ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಮೂಲದ ಮೊದಲ ಮಹಿಳೆ ಯಾರು?
              ನವನೀತ ಪಿಳ್ಳೈಂ.

✌ಕನ್ನಡದ ಮೊದಲ ಪಾಕಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ ಕಾವ್ಯ ಯಾವುದು
.             ಸೂಫ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ.

✌ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ರಾವಿನದಿಗಿದ್ದ ಮೊದಲ ಹೆಸರೇನು?
                  ಸಿಂದೂ.

✌ಉಪಾಯ ಮಾಡುವುದಕ್ಕೆ ಹೆಸರಾದ ಕಾಡು ಪ್ರಾಣಿ ಯಾವುದು?
             ತೋಳ.

✌ಅಂತರೀಕ್ಷಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಧೀರ್ಘಾವಧಿ ಇದ್ದು ಬಂದ ಪ್ರಥಮ ಗಗನ ಯಾತ್ರಿ ಯಾರು?
          ವ್ಯಾಲೇರಿ ರಿಯುಮಿನ್.
        
✌ಚಾವುಂಡರಾಯನು ಸಂಸ್ಕøತದಲ್ಲಿ ರಚಿಸಿದ ಗ್ರಂಥ ಯಾವುದು?
           ಚರಿತ್ರಸಾರ.

✌1990 ರಲ್ಲಿ ಮೈಸೂರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ನಡೆದ ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನದ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷರು ಯಾರಾಗಿದ್ದರು?
            ಕೆ.ಎಸ್.ನರಸಿಂಹ ಸ್ವಾಮಿ.

✌ಜ್ಯಾನ್ ಡೆವಿಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಟಿತ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪಡೆದ ಕನ್ನಡದ ಪ್ರಥಮ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ ಯಾರು?
            ಸಿ.ಎಲ್.ಆರ್.ರಾವ್.

✌ರೆವರೆಂಡ್ ಎಫ್ ಕಿಟೆಲ್ ಅವರು ಮೂಲತಃ ಯಾವ ದೇಶದವರು?
          ಜಮ೯ನಿ.

✌ಹಿಂದೂಸ್ತಾನಿ ಸಂಗೀತದಲ್ಲಿ ರಾಮಭಾವು ಕುಂದಗೋಳಕರ ಇವರು ಯಾವ ಹೆಸರಿನಿಂದ ಪರಿಚಿತರಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ?
             ಸವಾಯಿ ಗಂಧವ೯.

✌ಜಯಸಿಂಹ ಎಂ.ಎಲ್. ಯಾವ ಕ್ರೀಡೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಸರು ಮಾಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ?
             ಕ್ರಿಕೆಟ್.

✌ಮಹಾವೀರನ ತಾಯಿಯ ಹೆಸರೇನು?
            ತ್ರಿಶಲಾ ದೇವಿ.

✌ ಮೈಸೂರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಮೊಟ್ಟ ಮೊದಲಿಗೆ ಬಾನುಲಿ ಕೇಂದ್ರವನ್ನು ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಿದವರು ಯಾರು?
          ಎಂ.ವಿ.ಗೋಪಾಲ ಸ್ವಾಮಿ.

✌ನಗಿಸು ಅನಿಲ ಎಂದು ಯಾವುದನ್ನು ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ?
                Nitrous oxide.

✌ ಅಲಕಾನಂದಾ ಮತ್ತು ಮಂದಾಕಿನಿ ನದಿಗಳು ಸಂಗಮವಾಗುವ ಸ್ಥಳ ಯಾವುದು?
          ರುಧ್ರ ಪ್ರಯಾಗ.

Computers VIRUS

What is Computer VIRUS ? Everything you need to know

When I first read about computer virus, I was surprised to know it is not ‘virus’ – but VIRUS!

VIRUS is actually an acronym for Vital Information Resource Under Siege! 

Everyone says computer technology is changing every day – true – so are viruses changing and evolving every single day; thus it only makes sense we know a little about these mischief makers.

To help with the MCQs, I have italicized and bold-ended the proper terms.

Here we go:

What is a VIRUS?
It is actually a program, created by people who have knowledge to write software programs. In proper terms, it is called an ‘executable program’, with bad intentions!

Viruses are a type of malware, i.e., it is malicious software. You’ll read about it some more later…
How does it work? (Or, how does it make out lives difficult!)
A come attached with another program, and once it is in our system and we execute our program- we run the virus too!

The virus replicates itself; that is multiplies when has attached itself to a computer through an infected program.

So, suppose we download an mp3 song from some suspicious looking website, and we do not have anti-virus software on our PC, in such a case a virus may get downloaded along with the mp3.

Once, the virus is in our computer, it then starts making copies of itself on our computer. So, you can imagine, once it replicates, it must need space, thus a virus uses up the hard disk space and that makes our PC/system slow and makes it hang or crash!
What other damages does it do? (-apart from crashing our PC and frustrating us?)
Depending on what the intention of the person programming the virus was, a virus can do many different types of damages, like :

(i) modification of data (Transformers movie anyone?)
(ii) files maybe overwritten with false information
(iii) files maybe damaged, so you can not open them anymore or work on them
(iv) it may even wipe out an entire drive!
(v) it may make your system to re-boot again and again
(vi) high threat viruses which target databases of big organizations and MNCs may even leak top security information of the companies…

A Virus can be programmed to do anything, so its threat can be anything; it’s a creepy virtual world out there!
Famous Viruses?
Yep, Viruses are sometimes accorded celebrity status too!

(i) First actual virus – Creeper (1970s), detected on ARPANET.
                                    It displayed a message on the screen, “I am the creeper, catch me if
                                    you can!”

(ii) First actual personal computer virus – Elk Cloner (1982), it affected Apple OS
                                                                    through a floppy and displayed a short poem!

(iii) First virus to hit Microsoft’s DOS – Brain (1986)

(iv) Most destructive virus – MYDoom (January 2004)

(v) Most widespread and fast spreading virus – ILOVEYOU, also known as the love letter! (2000)
Categories of Viruses?
Yes, Viruses are categorized based on what/where/how they affect.

(i)File Virus/Parasitic Virus: most of the viruses fall in this category. In this type the viruses come attached to a file, usually a file which is executable, i.e., it can be run.

(ii) Boot sector Virus: these viruses, as the name suggest, affect the boot sector. Which means it will load before the operating system. It infects through floppy disks/ hard disks drives.

Imagine, a virus loading before the operating system does! This can only mean trouble!

(iii) Macro Viruses: Macro programs consist of a set of commands which executes itself every time it is run. So, this type of virus affects a program/application/software’s macros programming feature, to infect documents.

(iv) Multipartite Viruses: spread and infect in multiple ways, they can effect the boot sector as well as infect documents/files. They can have multiple means of transmission and of infection.


6. What are worms, malware etc.?

(i) Malware – is the short for malicious software, as the standard definition goes – is any software which can disrupt normal computer operation, gather sensitive information or gain access to private system.

It is also sometimes referred to as badware. Malwares are essentially of two types: (1) Viruses and (2) Worms.

(ii) Worms: worms are like viruses in the sense that they do the same damages that viruses do, they also replicate themselves.

However the main difference being, it is a standalone malware – i.e., it does not need to attach itself to any host/executable file. It on its own actively transmits itself through a network and infects computers.

In other words for virus infection to happen, a user has to actually run the virus infected program, only then will the virus program run too. But worms spread by themselves!

(iii) Trojan horse: This is my favorite malware as it is named on a very interesting piece of history which involves Achilles and his heel!

Also known as the Trojan, it is a malicious software which run without the knowledge of the user, to gather sensitive information.

Its specialty is it can run undetected, or when the system is shut down. It can encrypt/decrypt files and documents and transmit them to those who want it.

Trojan are disguised in the form of a legitimate and desirable program, that any user would without suspicion run. User thinks that the program it is running has nothing wrong with it, whereas the Trojan is secretly doing its work!

Trojan can also be called a ‘Spyware’; but it is NOT a virus. Why? Simply because Trojans do not replicate like viruses do!

(iv) Rootkits: are programs that modify setting in the operating system to keep the malwares hidden from detection.
How can we keep viruses away?

By installing anti-virus softwares!

This is probably something every one you must have heard or seen or installed one yourself!

Anti-virus software protects your system by periodically scanning its files/documents/programs to check for hidden executable programs.

It works by searching for those which are a match to any pre-defined virus already stored in its virus definition file. When there is a match, the anti-virus tells you that your PC has been infected by ‘so-and-so’ virus, and will proceed to remove it.

If it finds that there exists a program which is suspicious, but the anti-virus does not know its name, then it’ll ask you to take appropriate action.

Every other day new viruses are programmed and unleashed, and every other day thousands of e-mails are opened, movies/songs/files/softwares etc. are downloaded and these viruses find their way into out PCs.

That is why it is very essential for any PC to have an updated anti-virus all the time!

I hope this topic was informative and enjoyable!

Next time you run a virus scan on your PC, take some time and read the descriptions written alongside the viruses detected; some will be malwares, some worms and some Trojans!

Beware!

MS-EXEL short cut key

Microsoft Excel shortcut keys

Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys usable in Microsoft Excel. See the computer shortcut page if you are looking for shortcut keys used in other programs.
Shortcut Description
F2 Edit the selected cell.
F3 After a name has been created, F3 will paste names.
F4 Repeat last action. For example, if you changed the color of text in another cell, pressing F4 will change the text in cell to the same color.
F5 Go to a specific cell. For example, C6.
F7 Spell check selected text or document.
F11 Create chart from selected data.
Ctrl + Shift + ; Enter the current time.
Ctrl + ; Enter the current date.
Alt + Shift + F1 Insert New Worksheet.
Alt + Enter While typing text in a cell, pressing Alt + Enter will move to the next line, allowing for multiple lines of text in one cell.
Shift + F3 Open the Excel formula window.
Shift + F5 Bring up search box.
Ctrl + 1 Open the Format Cells window.
Ctrl + A Select all contents of the worksheet.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl + K Insert link.
Ctrl + S Save the open worksheet.
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection.
Ctrl + 1 Change the format of selected cells.
Ctrl + 5 Strikethrough highlighted selection.
Ctrl + P Bring up the print dialog box to begin the printing process.
Ctrl + Z Undo last action.
Ctrl + F3 Open Excel Name Manager.
Ctrl + F9 Minimize current window.
Ctrl + F10 Maximize currently selected window.
Ctrl + F6 Switch between open workbooks or windows.
Ctrl + Page up Move between work sheets in the same document.
Ctrl + Page down Move between work sheets in the same document.
Ctrl + Tab Move between Two or more open Excel files.
Alt + = Create a formula to sum all of the above cells.
Ctrl + ' Insert the value of the above cell into the cell currently selected.
Ctrl + Shift + 1 Format number in comma format.
Ctrl + Shift + 4 Format number in currency format.
Ctrl + Shift + 3 Format number in date format.
Ctrl + Shift + 5 Format number in percentage format.
Ctrl + Shift + 6 Format number in scientific format.
Ctrl + Shift + 2 Format number in time format.
Ctrl + Arrow key Move to next section of text.
Ctrl + Space Select entire column.
Shift + Space Select entire row.
Ctrl + - Delete the selected column or row.
Ctrl + Shift + = Insert a new column or row.
Ctrl + Home Move to cell A1.
Ctrl + ~ Switch between showing Excel formulas or their values in cells.

MS-WORD short cut key

Keyboard Shortcuts for MS Word - Learn Quickly

In most of the exams I appeared for this year, in every exam which had computer section, there has been a keyboard shortcut question – I think in one exam there were two shortcut questions!

Keyboard shortcuts, I understand are boring to mug! Who does that? Computer geeks maybe!

But my friends, we, not the computer geeks, need to show the examiners that we know how to use a computer, and hence we need to show ‘em we know keyboard shortcuts among other things!


How to learn the shortcuts? By using them! How else would you remember 40-50 shortcuts?!

Those of you who work on MS-Office/Windows or are from computer background obviously have an advantage – but for the others, you have my support and sympathies and you’ll need to show some eagerness in actually sitting in front of a laptop/desktop and actually trying out all the shortcuts!

No other way friends!

I’m going to list some commonly used/asked MS WORD shortcuts – test yourself and see how many you get right!

Please note, sometimes the shortcuts may differ because of OS or the version of OS or the version of MS Office. The shortcuts I am listing are MS Word 2003 ones (which are compliant in the latest versions as well) – they are most commonly asked.

If you have a different version, you can check for shortcuts from ‘HELP’ option.

A. Microsoft Word – common shortcuts
1. Ctrl + N = will open a new word document
2. Ctrl + O = will open the ‘Open’ box to open previously saved documents
3. Ctrl + W = will close the current word document
4. Ctrl + S = to save the currently open word document
5. Ctrl + P = will give the print option for current document
6. Ctrl + Z = will undo the last action
7. Ctrl + Y = will restore the action undone
8. Ctrl + X = will cut selected item
9. Ctrl + C = will copy selected text/item
10. Ctrl + V = will paste the previously cut/copy selected text/item
11. Ctrl + A = Selects all the text
12. Ctrl + F = will open Find and Replace option/dialogue box
B. Microsoft Word’s Formatting Shortcuts
1. Ctrl + B = will bold-en the selected text
2. Ctrl + I = will italicize the selected text
3. Ctrl + U = will underline the selected text
4. Ctrl + Shift + D = Double underline

5. Ctrl +Shift + > = will increase the font size of selected text
6. Ctrl +Shift + < = will decrease the font size of selected text

7. Ctrl + 2 = double line spacing
8. End = will take you to the end of a line
9. Home = will take you to the beginning of a line
10. Ctrl + End = will take you to the very end of a document (last page/last line/last
                           word!)
11. Ctrl + Home = will take you to the very beginning of a document

12. Shift + F3 = will change the case of letters of selected text (keep pressing the F3 and
                           see how it keeps changing from All CAPS, to all lower, to Sentence
                           case!)
13. Ctrl + Shift + F = will activate the ‘Font’ option and you can chose the font you want
14. Ctrl + Shift + N = will apply the ‘Normal’ style to the selected text

15. Ctrl + ‘equal sign’ = for superscript.
                                       i.e., select a text first, then do - ‘ctrl + =’.
                                       example: Birds(of all kinds).

16. Ctrl + Shift + ‘the plus sign’ = for superscript.
                              example: November the 30th of 2014.
                                              Watsapp!
C. Microsoft Word – insert option shortcuts
1. Ctrl + Enter = will give/insert a page break, i.e., it’ll go to the next page
2. Ctrl + K = to insert a hyperlink
3. Alt + Shift + D = will insert the current Date
4. Alt + Shift + T = will insert the current Time

5. Alt + I + P + C = will open the Clip Art box on the right side of the document
6. Alt + I + P + W = will open the Word Art options box
7. Alt + I + P + H = will insert/open graph/chart input/options box in the form of an excel
                                 sheet! (Try it out!)