World Malaria Report 2019: India witnessed a sharp reduction in malaria cases between 2017 and 2018, according to the World Malaria Report 2019, which was released by UN’s World Health Organisation (WHO) on December 4, 2019.
The World Malaria Report 2019 provided a comprehensive update on the burden of malaria cases and deaths across the globe. India was reported to be one of the only two nations that achieved a reduction in malaria cases among the 11 nations that carry the maximum burden of malaria across the world.
The only other nation that reported a reduction in malaria cases was Uganda, which witnessed a drop of about 11 percent. Overall, the World Malaria Report 2019 revealed that an estimated 228 million cases of malaria had occurred across the world in 2018, which is less than 231 million in 2017 and 251 million in 2010.
The number of global deaths caused by malaria also showed a reduction with an estimated 4,05,000 deaths in 2018, a drop from 4,16,000 deaths in 2017 and 5,85,000 deaths in 2010.
World Malaria Report 2019: India
• India witnessed a 28 percent fall in malaria cases between 2017 and 2018. In the 2016 and 2017 period, India had recorded a 24 percent reduction in malaria cases.
• Further, only seven out of 28 Indian states and 9 UTs accounted for 90 percent of the estimated malaria cases in 2018. These states included West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat.
• All the seven states reported large reductions in malaria cases, from 14.3 million cases in 2010 to 5.7 million cases in 2018. The rates of reductions were mostly slower in the past 3 years than in preceding years in other nations.
World Malaria Report 2019: Global malaria cases and deaths
• As per the report, an estimated 228 million malaria cases were reported across the world in 2018, reduced from 251 million cases in 2010 and 231 million cases in 2017.
• Most of the burden of malaria cases was reported from the African Region (93%), followed by South-East Asia Region (3.4%) and the Eastern Mediterranean Region (2.1%).
• India and nineteen countries in sub-Saharan Africa were found to have carried 85 percent of the global malaria burden, among which six countries accounted for more than half of the global malaria cases.
• The countries included Nigeria (25%), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (12%), Uganda (5%) and Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique and Niger (4% each).
• Besides, an estimated 405 000 malaria deaths were recorded globally in 2018, reduced from 416000 estimated deaths in 2017 and 585000 deaths in 2010.
• Children aged below 5 years were found to be most vulnerable to the disease, as they accounted for 67 percent of malaria death globally in 2018. In the region-wise record, the African Region accounted for 94 percent of malaria deaths in 2018.
• Almost 85 percent of the global malaria deaths in 2018 were restricted to 20 countries from the African Region and India. Nigeria topped the list with 24 percent of global malaria deaths, followed by the Democratic Republic of the Congo with 11 percent of total malaria deaths, United Republic of Tanzania (5%) and Angola, Mozambique and Niger accounting for 4 percent each.
• Only the African Region and South-East Asia Region showed a reduction in malaria deaths in 2018, in comparison to 2010. The African Region reported the largest absolute reduction in malaria deaths, from 533 000 in 2010 to 380 000 in 2018.
Background
India showed tremendous progress in its fight against malaria disease in 2018, with almost a 26 lakh drop in malaria cases in comparison to 2017. India had reported as estimated 67 lakh malaria cases in 2018.
The number of malaria deaths in India also decreased by 40 percent in 2018, from an estimated 67 lakh malaria cases in 2018.
India currently accounts for only 3 percent of the total malaria cases and 2 percent of malaria deaths across the globe.
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