Border Surveillance
Recently the Ministry of Home Affairs has launched the ‘Project BOLD-QIT’ under ‘Project CIBMS’ on India-Bangladesh border in Dhubri District, Assam.
What are ‘Project BOLD-QIT’ and ‘Project CIBMS’?
A) ‘Project BOLD-QIT’
i) Project BOLD-QIT stands for ‘Border Electronically Dominated QRT Interception Technique’.
ii) It is a project to install technical systems under the Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS).
iii) It enables ‘Border Security Force (BSF)’ to equip Indo-Bangla borders with different kind of sensors in unfenced riverine area of Brahmaputra and its tributaries.
iv) As Border Security Force is responsible for safeguarding of ‘International Border’ with Bangladesh, it was required to do surveillance of difficult border areas manually.
v) Border Security Force (BSF) undertook the project in January 2018 and it was launched now successfully.
vi) Under this project, wide of electronic gadget installed along with the India- Bangladesh border. Under-ground sensors and under-water sonar sensors are installed
vii) The project is part of Project CIBMS.
B) Project CIBMS
i) Project CIBMS stands for ‘Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS)’.
ii) It aims to establish a more robust and integrated security system that is capable of addressing the gaps in the present system of border security.
iii) It seeks to integrate human resources, weapons, and high-tech surveillance equipment.
Three main pillars of CIBMS
a) Round-the-rock surveillance using high-tech devices such as sensors, detectors, cameras, ground-based radar systems, micro-aerostats, lasers etc.
b) Efficient and dedicated communication network including fibre optic cables and satellite communication for transmitting data gathered by the high-tech surveillance.
c) Command and control centre to which the data will be transmitted to get aware about the happenings on the ground and provide a composite picture of the international border.
Components of CIBMS
i) ‘Virtual Fence’ for human-less, real-time invigilation of borders.
ii) Infrared and laser-based intrusion alarm systems
iii) Thermal imagers
iv) Aerial and All-weather Surveillance
v) Sonar and Ground systems
Which are common challenges associated with CIBMS?
i) High operational and maintenance cost
ii) Lack of technical expertise
iii) High cost of devices such as
iv) Lack of availability of spare costs of high-tech surveillance devices
v) Erratic power supply
vi) Adverse climate and terrain conditions
vii) Unsettled, un-demarcated international borders
Why the areas bordering Bangladesh needs E-surveillance?
a) Bordering states are burdened with intense illegal migration. This has resulted in the demographic change, stress on the natural resources.
b) Illegal activities such as smuggling of cattle, human trafficking, narcotics, counterfeit currency etc. take place on these borders at a great extent.
c) These borders passes through hilly terrains, swamps, marshes etc. where human surveillance is not desirable.
d) Influence of Islamic fundamentalism is increasing in Bangladesh. It is pushing large-scale foot soldiers in India.
So, to remove the gaps in the border surveillance, e-surveillance is necessary.
How is E-surveillance project beneficial?
a) With the implementation of the Project BOLD-QUIT, entire span of Brahmaputra and tributaries is covered with data network.
b) As high-tech intelligence devices are used, the precision of the information is high.
c) Also the information will be available around the clock.
d) It can alert the BSF quickly to help them to eliminate the problem.
When were the pilot projects launched on the India- Pakistan border?
In 2017, two pilot e-surveillance projects were launched on the India-Pak border.
Where does the space sector play a role?
a) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced to launch an exclusive satellite for the Ministry of Home Affairs soon.
b) Union Government has recently formed a Task Force for identifying areas for use of space technology in improving border management.
c) It was added by Joint Secretary (Border Management) with members from Border Guarding Forces (BGFs) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
d) Details of the areas identified for use of space technology in the border management-
i) Island development and security
ii) Border Surveillance
iii) Communication and Navigation
iv) GIS and Operations Planning System
v) Border Infrastructure Monitoring
e) A short, medium and long-term plan has also been prepared.
1) Short Term
Establishment of network infrastructure and computing requirements for all CAPFs, hiring of transponders for satellite communication and procurement of satellite data for immediate operational use of the forces.
2) Medium Term
i) Development of infrastructure and storage capacity for MHA, capacity building of CAPFs.
ii) Launch of one satellite for exclusive use of MHA by ISRO and establishment of ground segment to receive inputs from satellite.
iii) Operationalization of COPS/ BOPS Software developed jointly by ISRO/ CAPFs.
3) Long Term
Launch of additional satellites as per need, up gradation of ground segment, full operationalization of COPS/BOPS software, Capacity building of CAPFs for using space technology.
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